Winnipeg

The name of the city comes from the name of the lake of the same name , located 65 km (40 miles) north of the city and which in the language of the Cree Indians is called “Win ​​nipee”, which can be translated as “dirty water”. Long before the arrival of the whites, the territory located at the intersection of waterways played an important role in trade and wars between Indian tribes.

The first whites to reach today's Winnipeg area were the French, under the command of New France officer Pierre de Waren. In 1738 they founded the fortified trading post Fort Rouge here. After the annexation of New France by the British Empire, the area came under the control of the British and became the property of the Hudson's Bay Company . In 1812, a group of Scottish settlers arrived here, founding the first real white settlement - the Colony of the Red River. The rivalry between the Hudson's Bay Company and the North-West Company in June 1816 resulted in the Battle of Seven Oaks ( Battle of Seven Oaks ), after which the Government of Canada intervened.

In 1869-70, Winnipeg became the center of the Red River Uprising under the leadership of Louis Reel . Although the uprising was suppressed, it triggered the entry of Manitoba into the Canadian Confederation (5th province). In 1873, Winnipeg was officially granted city status.

Due to the favorable location, as well as the constant influx of people already in 1872, there were 1,860 inhabitants. In 1885, the Canadian Pacific Railway line was laid through Winnipeg and on June 28, 1886 the first train came from the city of Montreal . The appearance of the railway gave a new impetus to the development of the city. In May 1919, the city’s largest Winnipeg general strike in Canadian history, suppressed by the authorities. In 1920, Winnipeg was the fourth largest city in Canada after Montreal , Toronto and Vancouver .

With the onset of the Great Depression, the city ​​entered a period of decline that continued (with a break in World War II , when military orders breathed life into its factories) until the late 1980s.

February 19, 1942 in the city of Winnipeg held an event " If Day ", which imitated the invasion of troops of Nazi Germany and the occupation of this territory. “If Day” included a staged battle between Canadian troops and volunteers dressed in the form of German soldiers, internment by “Nazis” of well-known city politicians, the establishment of a “Nazi regime” in the city and a military parade. The event was devoted to raising funds for the war.

In 1972, it was decided to merge 13 cities and towns into a single city, which led to the fact that at the moment the big Winnipeg covers an area of ​​465 km², has more than 663,617 inhabitants (as of 2011) and is the sixth in terms of GDP city of Canada.

The city is located 100 km (60 miles) north of the border between Canada and the United States , almost halfway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans at an altitude of 238 meters above sea level. Winnipeg lies on the eastern border of the Canadian Prairies , in the valley of the Red River , which was once the bottom of the post-glacial lake Agassiz . The area is prone to flooding (for example, the worst flooding occurred in 1950).

The climate is sharply continental , with a harsh winter and relatively warm summer. The average annual air temperature is +2.4 ° С, the average monthly January is –18.3 ° С, April is + 3.8 ° С, July is +19.8 ° С, and October +5.7 ° С. The average annual rainfall is 505 mm, most of which falls in summer.

According to the 2011 census, 663,617 people lived in Winnipeg, and 730,018 in the metropolitan area.

Winnipeg has a large Ukrainian diaspora, 15.4% of citizens are of Ukrainian origin, while 3.1% speak Ukrainian at home.

The crime rate in the city is quite high. In 2010, Winnipeg was ranked 3rd in Canada in terms of the number of violent crimes per capita.

Winnipeg is the largest center for growing crops in the North American continent, the financial, commercial and manufacturing center of the Canadian Midwest.

Among the enterprises of the city - the main factory of the Royal Canadian Mint ( Royal Canadian Mint ), which minted almost all Canadian coins (another factory in Ottawa, produces only coins in collection performance), as well as coins for several dozen foreign countries.

Due to the status of the capital of the province of Manitoba, the city’s largest employer is the state (represented by authorities at various levels, as well as educational and medical institutions belonging to them).

There are a number of parks (Assiniboine Park with a zoo, Kildonan Park with a collection of beautiful trees).

The city is served by an international airport. James Richardson ( IATA : YWG , ICAO : CYWG ) with an annual passenger turnover of 3.4 million (2011). Regular flights are operated to all major cities of Canada, as well as to Chicago , Denver , Minneapolis and Las Vegas . Seasonal flights to the resorts of Mexico and the Caribbean .

Winnipeg is an important railway junction, through which there are trains connecting the east and west coasts of Canada.

The city is also the largest junction of highways in Canada west of the Great Lakes, with the Trans-Canada Highway , Yellowhead Highway and Manitoba Highway 75.

Public transport is represented by 94 bus routes running the organization Winnipeg Transit .

• Monument to the Heroes of the First World War by the Icelandic sculptor Einar Jounsson .
• Monument to Winnie the Pooh , named in honor of the Bear Winnipeg, trapped in London Zoo from Canada.
• Monuments to wolves ^[2] for sponsors' money. Including ^{[3] the} monument to Amarok .

Ice Hockey

At the turn of the 19th — 20th centuries, the Winnipeg Victorias amateur team existed in the city, winning three Stanley Cups (1896, 1901, 1902) and two Allan Cups (1911, 1912). In 1972-1996 there was a Winnipeg Jets club in the city, playing in the WHA (1972-1979) and the NHL (1979-1996). In the JAH, the Jets won three Avko Trophies (1976, 1978, 1979). From 1996 to 2011, the Manitoba Mus Club existed in the city, in 1996–2001. He performed in the IHL, from 2001 to 2011, in the AHL . In the years 1955-2006. there was the Winnipeg Arena, where the Jets (all its history) and Mus (until 2004) played. In 2004, the MTS Center stadium was opened, becoming the new arena of Mousse. In May 2011, it was announced that the Atlanta Thrashers NHL club was sold to new owners and will be playing in Winnipeg from the 2011/12 season ^{[4] [5]} . "Mousse" moved to St. John's , thereby freeing up the "MTS Center" for the new NHL team, which was also named Winnipeg Jets .

Canadian Football

In the Canadian Football League, there is a local Winnipeg Blue Bombers team that has been in existence since 1930, a 10-time winner of the Gray Cup (1935, 1939, 1941, 1958, 1959, 1961, 1962, 1984, 1988, 1990). In 1935-1952 The home arena of the “Blue Bombers” was “Osborne Stadium”, in 1953–2013 - “Canad Inns Stadium” (demolished in early 2013), and from 2013 - the new arena “Investors Group Field”.

•   Setagaya ( Jap. 世 田 谷 区 ), Tokyo , Japan ( October 5, 1970 ) ^[6]
•   Reykjavik ( isl. Reykjavík ), Iceland ( September 7, 1971 ) ^[7]
•   Minneapolis ( English Minneapolis ), Minnesota , United States ( January 31, 1973 ) ^[7]
•   Manila ( Eng. Manila ), Philippines (December 1979 ) ^[8]
•   Taichung ( Kit. 臺中市 ), Taiwan ( April 2, 1982 ) ^[9]
•   Kuopio ( fin. Kuopio ), Finland ( June 11, 1982 ) ^[10]
•   Beer-Sheva ( Heb. בְּאֵר בַע , Arabic. بئر السبع ), Israel ( May 15, 1984 )
•   Chengdu ( Kit. Уп . , Pinyin : Chéngdū ), China ( February 24, 1988 )
•   Jinju ( cor. 진주시, 晉 州市 ), South Korea ( April 1, 1992 )
•   San Nicolas de los Garza ( Spanish San Nicolás de los Garza ), Mexico ( July 23, 1999 )

• Winnipeg, city // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.