Pokrov (city, Russia)

Located on the Shitka River, 82 km west of Vladimir , 18 km west of Petushki , 5 km north of the left bank of the Klyazma River , where the Volga River flows, the tributary of which is the Shitka River, and at the 101st kilometer of the Gorky Highway . Around the city there are picturesque surroundings: the chain of lakes - Chernoye (mirror area 30 ha), Beloe (mirror area 2 ha), Vvedenskoe (formerly Vyatskoe ^[4] - an area of ​​29 or 38.5 ha), surrounded by forests. Forests belong to the first group and consist mainly of multimeter pines . Black Lake is known for its healing mud .

The first mention of the settlement on the site of the current Pokrova dates back to 1506 . According to the searches of the famous Russian historian and archeographer P. M. Stroev , there was located the “Monastery of the Pokrovsk Anthony Desert” ^[4] , whose abbot from 1506 to 1516 was Abbot Elisha ^[5] . The center of the desert was the wooden church of the Intercession of the Theotokos with an additional altar in honor of the Apostle Simeon, around which there was a “sub-monastic” settlement with the courts of the abbot, the clerk, the sexton and two dozen monastic servants and bobs ” ^[4] .

Until the Time of Troubles, the deserts lived a quiet life, the settlement grew under it - only the abbots of the monastery changed. With the onset of the Troubles, initially nothing has changed - the Slobozhans did not participate in the unrest of the peasants of the Argunovskaya volost of 1601-1608. against the Trinity-Sergius Monastery ^[6] and successfully fought against the establishment of pubs near the Church of the Intercession, violating piety and order:

After this complaint sent to the Synod , the “lace yard” was removed from the settlement ^[5] . However, in 1610 or 1612. the calm of the inhabitants was disturbed: the desert was ravaged by Polish troops and partially burned, but quickly recovered, rebuilt and met with the election of the new Tsar in 1613 with a bell ringing ^[5] .

In 1633 or 1635 the monastery became the Dome Patriarch, and 1678–79. The sub-monastery suburb also became a patriarchal ^[5] , which received the name Patriarchal village of Pokrovskoe ^[4] . In 1683, the patriarchal status of Pokrovsky was confirmed by a decree of the ruler Sophia ^[5] . All this time, the settlement, and then the village continued to live a life, the tranquility of which was interrupted twice: in 1654 - “a plague , many died”, and in 1672 - “there was a big fire” ^[5] , during which burned Church of the Intercession. Church residents were quickly rebuilt, but already stone ^[4] . Soon after the decree of Peter the Great in 1701, the monastery was abolished, the Intercession Church became a parish church , and the village of Pokrovskoye continued to exist as a separate municipal unit. The closure of the monastery, apparently, occurred around 1711, for it was precisely in this year that its fisheries were transferred to the Holy Vvedensky Island Monastery that was formed in 1708, because:

In 1768 Academician Pallas visited Pokrovskoye Passage, making the next expedition according to the highest order. Settlement, by the will of fate consonant with his surname ( lat. Pallas - cover), he described as a large state village ^[7] . In this status, it existed for another ten years, after which on September 1 (12), 1778, by a decree of Catherine the Great, it was transformed into a city, which is recorded in the book “Urban settlements in the Russian Empire”:

Around the city, which by this time consisted of 140 buildings ^[7] , a vast Pokrovsky district was formed , in which, besides the settlements of the present Petushinsky district, one of its parts, the Orekhovsky pogost, included the modern Orekhovo-Zuevo . In connection with the new status, Pokrov received the Magistrate , and in the following year, 1779, a transit prison was built in it for criminals who were being led to Vladimirsky Central . In 1788 a plan was adopted for the regular construction of the city, which, with changes in 1826, is still in effect ^[7] .

Pokrov continued to live a quiet life and grow rich from successful trading. According to the auditor of the Vladimir province in 1799 ^[7] .:

By 1837, one fifth of the inhabitants of the city were merchants (338 of 1756). There were 27 shops, 3 hotels ^[7] . All travelers who stayed on their way from Moscow to the eastern provinces and back, and enriched the Pokrovsk entrepreneurs during their stay, stayed here. Among these travelers there were also very famous ones: in 1796 Radishchev stayed in Pokrov, returning then from exile, in 1813 - Griboedov , in the autumn of 1830 - Pushkin , who was delayed here because of cholera quarantines on his way from Boldin .

In 1861, Pokrova was reached by the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railroad . The station was set up not in the city itself, but four versts south of it - in Perepechin, but called the “Cover”. According to the rumors that were then going on, the merchants who kept the shops along the Vladimirskiyeh bribed the engineers who were in charge of the construction to do this so that the trade near the station would not compete with them.

By 1897, 7 factories and factories were built in the city with a production cost of 15,184 rubles, a sixth of the city income was spent on education, and the streets were covered ^[8] . After 1908, a fire station was opened with the same fire engine, and the Zemstvo , according to A.V. Zakharov, director of the Pokrovsk gymnasiums, became “the richest” by this time ^[7] . However, the beginning of the First World War and the events that followed it in 1917 interrupted the peaceful and prosperous life of a growing city.

In 1921, the city ceased to be a county - because it was dispersed by the Pokrovsky district itself - and entered the number of settlements of the Kirzhachsky district. From that time, a leapfrog began with the status of the city and its affiliation: in 1924, Pokrov was transferred to Aleksandrovskiy district , and in 1929 to the Petushino district. In 1945 the city again became the administrative center, but already of the Pokrovsky District , and existed for 15 years in this status ^[9] . In 1960, the Pokrovsky District was disbanded, as before, the Pokrovsky District, and Pokrov was again transferred to the Petushinsky District, where it remains today.

The number of residents in the city has decreased, there are only two industries left. In this state, Pokrov existed until the 1960s, when a slow growth began — both economic and population. In the city, the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology appeared, around which other enterprises began to group, and the population was replenished with workers of these industries and conditionally released ^[7] , who were denied access to the capitals.

In the early 1990s, after the collapse of the USSR , the city became a major transit point for the Afghan drug traffic along the so-called “Northern Route” ^[10] .

During the " Perestroika " of the late 1980s. and in the 90s the municipal economy managed to survive - none of the city enterprises went bankrupt ^[11] . On the contrary, in 1997, a chocolate factory of the German company “Shtolverk” opened in Pokrov, bought up in 2002 by the American concern Kraft Foods ^[12] and became a new “locomotive” of local business. With the advent of large-scale production, litigation arose between the city and the regional government about tax deductions and the budget - Pokrov demanded independence in the formation of the latter ^[13] . With varying success, the mentioned litigation lasts to this day.

On August 31, 2009, the head of the Russian state visited the city for the first time in the entire history of its existence at this place of Russian settlement. President Medvedev, who arrived on that day , met with the governor of the Vladimir region and chaired the third meeting of the Commission for the Modernization and Technological Development of the Russian Economy ^[14] .

As of January 1, 2018, in terms of population, the city was located at 734 out of 1113 ^[35] cities of the Russian Federation ^[36] .

Located in the city:

• The confectionery factory of Mondelēz International (opened in 1997 by the German company Stolverk, subsequently sold to Kraft Foods , now Mondelēz International).
• Biologicals plant
• Garment factory
• Plant of concrete products and structures
• Energomechanical plant "Promenergo"
• Jewelry Factory " Golden Domes " (in 2018 renamed to "Pokrovsky Jewelry Factory" Pokrovsky Jewelry )
• Factory gingerbread products "Pokrovsky Gingerbread"

• With electricity, the city is provided by JSC “ Vladimirenergo ” from a 110 kV line and a 110/35/10 (6) kV substation, which also feeds neighboring settlements. In the city there are three 35 kV, four 110 kV lines and a highway two 500 kV high- voltage lines each .
• A gas pipeline feeds the city near the electric highway.

• Four kilometers to the southeast is the eponymous railway station on the Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod line . Electric train travel time to the Serp and Molot platform (changing at the Rimskaya and Ploshchad Ilyicha metro stations in Moscow) will be from 1 hour 45 minutes to 2 hours 13 minutes, to Kursky railway station - 1-50 - 2-20.
• The Volga M7 motorway passes through the central part of the city, it is also the E22 highway . In Pokrov, it is named after Lenin Street (formerly Moskovskaya Street). On this street, at the entrance to the city from the direction of Moscow, there is a bus station with related services and a cafe, from which suburban and intercity buses depart in various directions. All long-distance flights are transit, so purchase a ticket is possible only on arrival of the bus. It is common practice to pay directly to the driver, which makes it difficult for people to leave the city at peak times. Also, on the territory of the bus station, intercity buses of commercial carriers stop, but they are not served by the bus station.

According to the new master plan for the development of the city, it is planned to build a bypass road along the southern border of the city.

The House of Culture, two libraries (the Pokrovskaya City Library and the Pokrovskaya Children's Library) and the Museum of Local Lore (Lenin Street, 79) work in the city. The museum exposition is assembled by local enthusiasts and represents the living history of the city over the past 300 years: the driver’s station, Merchant Pokrov, crafts and trades, revolution and the Great Patriotic War, and Pokrov Modern. In the same building there is an art gallery and a chocolate museum . The exposition of the Chocolate Museum, created with the participation of Kraft Foods , which owns a chocolate factory located in Pokrov, tells about the history of chocolate, about the Stolverk family - the founders of the factory, about Kraft Foods. On the second floor of the museum building there is the Pokrovskaya Picture Gallery, where works of local artists and craftsmen, as well as artists of the Moscow region and Vladimirschina, are represented.

The city has a temple of the Intercession of the Mother of God (Holy Protection Cathedral). It was built on the site of the wooden church that burned down in 1672, which belonged to the Antonia Desert. In 1808 a refectory with two altars was added to it, and in 1851-53. - northern and southern chapels.

Former Holy Trinity Cathedral , now the house of culture. Rebuilt in the 1950s.

Since the end of the 17th century, the Vvedensky Island Convent has been operating on an island in the center of Lake Vvedensky .

Sculpture and monuments

18 km from the city on the way to the town of Kirzhach there is a memorial complex at the site of the death of Yuri Gagarin and Vladimir Seryogin . In the forest, on the site of the fall of the aircraft, there is a 16-meter stele, and near the monument there is a small museum and St. Andrew’s Church.

The city has the world's first chocolate monument made by sculptor Ilya Shanin in the form of a three-meter bronze fairy with chocolate in her hand. The sculpture was discovered in 2009 ^[37] .

A television:

• TV Pokrov ^{[38] [39]}

• Feigin, Gerasim Grigorievich (1901–1921) - activist of the youth communist movement, one of the founders of the Komsomol , poet.
• Dmitriev, Nikolai Fedorovich (1953–2005) - Soviet and Russian poet, laureate of the Lenin Komsomol Prize (1981), the Prize of them. Alexander Nevsky "Russia Loyal Sons" (2003). In the local history museum of the city of Pokrov, an exhibition dedicated to the works of the poet Nikolai Dmitriev is open. From 2001 to 2005, he lived and worked in a family house in the village of Aniskino near the town of Pokrov. He was buried at the Pokrovsky city cemetery.
• Fudel, Sergey Iosifovich (1901-1977) - Orthodox theologian, philosopher, spiritual writer, literary critic, lived in Pokrov from 1962 until his death. He was buried at the Pokrovsky city cemetery. In 2017, he was reburied on the territory of the Intercession Church. In the branch of the pedagogical institute (in the town of Pokrov) the museum of S.I.

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  Railway station
  

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  st. Lenin (the former Moscow st.)
  

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  Domes of the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God
  

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  Wooden house on the street. Lenin
  

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  The dry river Shitka, usually flowing from the Black Lake
  

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  Crossing street Lenin (M7 / E22) with st. Gerasimov
  

• Bolshakova N.V. Ancient Pokrov. M .: Sputnik + Company, 2003. 255 seconds

• The official site of the city
• On the website of the administration of Petushinsky district
• On the site "Virtual Vladimir"
• Video tour of the city on the website Moscow24
• List of cultural heritage monuments of the city of Pokrov in Wikigida