The size of the rolling stock is the limiting transverse shape perpendicular to the axis of the track, in which, without going outside, the railway rolling stock must be placed both in the empty and in the loaded state. The size of the rolling stock varies in different countries and may differ on different lines within the same country. For example, the size of the rolling stock of the subway may be smaller than on a conventional railway , which reduces the diameter of the tunnels . In many countries, the size of the rolling stock is very close to the size of the buildings , which is a mortal danger for people who are outside the size of the train - hooks .
Not to be confused with the loading gauge used for the carriage of goods in open rolling stock. For example, the loading dimensions used in Russia (basic, preferential, zonal) have a smaller width than the dimensions of the rolling stock according to GOST 9238-2013 [1] .
Content
By country
The rolling stock of the first railways was small. Then its dimensions began to gradually increase in order to ensure an increase in the capacity of cars and the power of locomotives. Often this required the reconstruction of old lines. All this has led to a wide variety of standards.
Europe
In 1912, a conference was held in Bern , at which the PPI standard ( Gabarit passe-partout international ) was adopted. It provides a width of 3.15 m and a height in the center of 4.28 m (full width is allowed up to a height of 3.175 m). PPI is close to the Russian dimension 03-VM. A significant part of the European railways allows the movement of rolling stock with larger dimensions; at the same time, lines are maintained (mainly in the UK ) that do not even provide PPI.
The International Union of Railways and the European Railway Agency have also developed a series of standards.
The largest dimensions in Europe are provided by the Betuwe line in the Netherlands and the Eurotunnel near the English Channel (width 4.1 m, height 6.15 m and 5.6 m, respectively).
Russia
State standard GOST 9238 established the dimensions of the rolling stock: T; 1-T ; 1-VM ; 0-VM ; 02-VM and 03-VM .
- Dimension T applies to rolling stock approved for use along the tracks, structures and devices on which meet the requirements for the approximation dimensions of structures C and Cn . Dimensions:
- T - 5.3 × 3.75 m,
- TC - 5.2 × 3.75 m,
- Tmp - 5.3 × 3.55 m.
- Dimension 1-T applies to rolling stock approved for use on all tracks of the general road network, access roads , and tracks of industrial enterprises. Dimensions:
- 1-T - 5.3 × 3.4 m.
- Dimensions 1-VM , 0-VM , 02-VM , 03-VM [2] apply to rolling stock approved for use on the railways of 1520 (1524) mm gauge and 1435 mm gauge roads. Dimensions:
- 0-VM - 4.65 × 3.25 m,
- 1-VM - 4.7 × 3.4 m,
- 02-VM - 4.65 × 3.15 m,
- 03-VM - 4.28 × 3.15 m.
USA
In the USA, the dimensions are determined by the Association of American Railways ( AAR ). The most common dimension is AAR Plate B (width 3.25 m, height 4.62 m), however, the main lines are designed for rolling stock of greater height; for example, the AAR Plate K is 6.15 m high, which allows standard containers to be loaded in two tiers.
Japan
The bulk of the Japanese railways has a track of 1067 mm and is designed for rolling stock with a width of 3 m and a height of 4.1 m. Some of the lines, however, have smaller dimensions.
Shinkansen lines (1,435 mm gauge) are designed for rolling stock with a width of 3.4 m and a height of 4.5 m.
By types of rail transport
Within one country, different types of public rail vehicles (rail, metro and tram) usually have the same track, but the size of the rolling stock is significantly different. This is due to the fact that the size of the metro rolling stock is limited by the size of the tunnels, and the tram - the need to move in the city in the general flow with other vehicles and travel through automobile tunnels and under relatively low city overpasses. The size of the rolling stock of the early tram systems (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod) in individual sections may be even smaller.
For example, in Russia, for transport on a track of 1520 mm, the following dimensions (width x height):
- Railway - 3750 mm x 5300 mm
- Metro - 2700 mm x 3750 mm
- Tram (building systems since the 1960s) - 2600 mm x 3300 mm.
Links
- ↑ Technical conditions for the placement and securing of goods (Appendix 3 to the Agreement on international railway freight traffic (SMGS) of July 1, 2015) , chap. 1, p 2.2
- ↑ Prior to the introduction of GOST 9238-83 , the following designations of dimensions were also used:
- 0-T - 1 ‑ VM
- 01-T - 0-VM
- 02-T - 02 ‑ VM,
- 03-T - 03 ‑ VM.
See also
- Loading gauge
- Dimension of approaching buildings
Literature
- Ministerial Decision No. 1 of March 18 (30), 1860 “On the Limits of the Size of Rolling Stock and the Approach of Structures to Railways in Russia”
- Dimension // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- OST 6435 “Dimensions of rolling stock and approximation of wide gauge railway structures. Classification and main dimensions. ” 1934 year
- GOST 9238-59 “Dimensions of proximity of buildings and rolling stock of 1524 mm gauge railways”
- GOST 9238-73 “Dimensions for approaching buildings and rolling stock of 1520 (1524) mm gauge railways for lines with train speeds not exceeding 160 km / h”
- GOST 9238-83 “Dimensions for approaching buildings and rolling stock of 1520 (1524) mm gauge railways” (not valid from July 01, 2014)
- GOST 9238-2013 “Dimensions of railway rolling stock and proximity of buildings” (from July 01, 2014 instead of GOST 9238-83)
Links
- Dimension of rolling stock . - Outlines of dimensions with dimensions. Archived March 13, 2012.