Craiowan Peace Treaty , Craiowa Agreement ( Bulgarian Craiowa Spodgoba , room Tratatul de la Craiova - Tratatul de la Craiova) - peaceful settlement of territorial issues between the pro-fascist governments of Bulgaria and Romania , signed in the Romanian city of Craiova , on which September 7, 1940 Romania ceded the South Dobrudja region to Bulgaria and both the parties to the treaty agreed to conduct an exchange of the population (minorities) in the territories adjacent to the new border.
| Craiowo Peace Treaty | |
|---|---|
 The annexation of South Dobrudja Romania in 1913 . Its transfer to Bulgaria under the Krajow agreement in 1940 | |
| Signing | |
| • a place | Craiova |
Background and consequences
In Romania, in September 1940, power was already transferred to the government of Marshal Ion Antonescu , who actually became a dictator . At the same time, the country formally remained a monarchy. The Romanian King Karol II himself on September 6, 1940, was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his son Mihai under the pressure of public opinion, outraged by territorial losses, which Karol II failed to prevent. So, in 1940, Romania was forced to agree to the transfer to the Soviet Union (under pressure from Moscow and Berlin - to fulfill the provisions of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact ) of Bessarabia (from which the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was created) and transfer to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of Northern Bukovina . Moreover, on August 30, 1940, the second Vienna Arbitration handed over Northern Transylvania to Hungary . Carol II was forced to leave the country. The new king was his son Mihai I. In an effort to compensate for territorial losses, Romania becomes an ally of Germany, counting on joint hostilities against the USSR in order to return the lost territories. [one]
Population Exchange
During the population exchange, Romanian settlers ( Romanians , Mokans , Aromani , Meglen Romanians ), about 80,000 people in total, most of whom settled here at the insistence of the government after the Second Balkan War of 1913 (then the Bucharest Peace Treaty of 1913 was concluded) left Bulgarian territory . Instead, Bulgarian residents from the Romanian territory arrived, totaling about 65,000 people. Over time, taking into account the number of late migrants, the number of Romanians who left had been estimated at 110 thousand, and the arriving Bulgarians — 77 thousand. The population exchange led to a significant homogenization of the population of Dobrudja , as well as Romania, creating the conditions for the start of the policy of the Romanian minority in the country.