Jaboticaba [2] ( lat. Myrciaria caulifloria , port. Jabuticaba , also known as Russian. Jaboticaba or port. Jaboticaba ( Russian. Jabuticaba ), or port. Jabuticabeira , as well as English Brazilian Grape Tree ( Russian Brazilian grape tree ), Jabotica, Guaperu, Guapuru, Hivapuru, Sabará and Ybapuru) is a plant of the Myrtle family, a species of the Plinia genus, cultivated in tropical latitudes as a fruit crop.
| Jaboticaba |
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| Scientific classification |
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| International scientific name |
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Plinia cauliflora ( Mart. ) Kausel |
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The following names are included in the synonymy of the species [3] :
- Eugenia cauliflora ( Mart. ) DC.
- Eugenia jaboticaba ( Vell. ) Kiaersk.
- Myrcia jaboticaba ( Vell. ) Baill.
- Myrciaria cauliflora ( Mart. ) O.Berg
- Myrciaria jaboticaba ( Vell. ) O.Berg
- Myrtus cauliflora Mart.
- Myrtus jaboticaba Vell.
- Plinia jaboticaba ( Vell. ) Kausel
Jaboticaba is an evergreen slow-growing tree with a height of 5 to 12 meters with oval-lanceolate glossy leathery leaves 2.5-10 cm long and 1.25-2 cm wide. The flowers are white with 4 petals and 60 stamens of 4 mm each. The fruit is round or elliptical, glossy dark burgundy-violet, almost black, drupe with sepal remains at the end and with a white or pink jelly-like translucent juicy pulp, 0.6-4 cm in diameter. Fruits grow in clusters on the trunks and main branches. This phenomenon is called caulifloria - the formation of fruits on the trunk and main branches.
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The phenomenon of caulifloria in jaboticaba |
Jaboticaba is found both in the wild and in culture in southern Brazil , Bolivia , Paraguay and northern Argentina . It is now naturalized and grown also in Uruguay , Colombia , Panama , Peru , Cuba and the Philippines .
The pulp of jabotababa fruits is edible fresh. Jelly , marmalade , juices and alcoholic beverages are made from them. A decoction of dried peels of jabotababa fruits in Brazil is used as a remedy for asthma , diarrhea and dysentery .
In Brazil, excellent red wine is made from jabotababa. The skin of the fetus is slightly bitter due to its high tannin content. It is used to color the deep red color of jams, jellies and wines. Jaboticaba is commercially grown only in Brazil and in some countries in South America. Slow tree growth, sensitivity to frost and a short shelf life of fruits interfere with commercial use. Propagated by seeds and grafting. Usually seedlings are planted to accelerate fruiting. If the grafted plant begins bearing fruit for 3-4 years, then on the seedlings the first fruits appear only after 10-12 years. Seeds are not stored for a long time, so they must be planted immediately after purchase. Use a light soil mixture. Shoots appear in about a month. The first few years, seedlings grow slowly, feed them with full mineral fertilizer, which will somewhat accelerate growth. Young pinkish leaves can be damaged by aphids. Sometimes a spider mite attacks.