Chukhloma

The city is located on the shores of Lake Chukhloma , 50 km from the Galich railway junction.

Ground

The exact time and place of foundation is unknown ^[5] , there is evidence that the city existed in the X century , but not on the southern ^[6] , but on the northern shore of Lake Chukhloma (where Avraamiev Gorodetsky monastery was later founded). The year of foundation of Chukhloma on the southern coast is considered to be 1381 (the year of the first mention of Chukhloma in literary sources).

Remote from the main transit routes, Chukhloma was not a trading city. Its population existed by craft and small trade. A significant part of the inhabitants engaged in fishing and gardening . The absence of pasture land limited the ability to maintain livestock and hindered the development of oil production and cheese making. The only enterprise that existed in Chukhloma was the brewery of the farmer Nelidov, recorded in documents of 1844.

Time of Troubles

Chukhloma suffered greatly in the Time of Troubles .

Timeline

• X century - a settlement on the northern shore of Lake Chukhloma.
• 1381 - is mentioned in the annals as a city within the Galich-Meri Principality ^[7]
• XVI century - the Chukhloma lands formed their own administrative-territorial unit - the Chukhloma siege , in the center of which was the city of Chukhloma
• 1719 - according to the territorial division of Peter I , Chukhloma became the administrative center of the Chukhloma district and became part of the Galician province of the Arkhangelogorod province
• 1778 - by decree of Catherine II, Chukhloma became the county town of the Chukhloma district of Kostroma governorate . Since 1796 - as part of the Kostroma province ^[7]
• 1928 - Zoning is carried out in the Kostroma province. Chukhloma becomes the administrative center of the Chukhloma region
• 1929 - The Kostroma province was transformed into the Kostroma district of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky (Ivanovo) Industrial Region
• 1936 - Ivanovo Industrial Region is divided into Ivanovo and Yaroslavl Regions . Chukhloma and Suday were assigned to Yaroslavl
• 1944 - the Kostroma region was formed, which included the Chukhloma and Sudaysky districts
• 1963 - Sudaysky district was abolished and entered the Chukhloma rural area
• 1965 - Chukhlomsky rural area was transformed into the area with the previous status
• 2004 - In accordance with the administrative reform, the Chukhlomsky urban settlement and the Chukhlomsky municipal district were established

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 1071 places out of 1115 ^[22] cities of the Russian Federation ^[23] .

Woodworking, manufacturing of log houses.

The Assumption Church ( 1730 , operating) with a tented bell tower has been preserved; Transfiguration Cathedral ( 1746 , converted into a fire station). Also in the center of Chukhloma are the remains of earthen ramparts of an ancient fortress of the 15th century . A number of quarters in the city center are built up with stone houses of the 19th century ; most of the buildings in Chukhloma are wooden, many are decorated with carvings.

The museum of local lore works (since 1919 ).

11 km north of Chukhloma - Avraamiev-Gorodetsky monastery (XVII-XIX centuries). Also in the vicinity of the city is the Lermontov family estate.

At the city cemetery is the grave of the poet and playwright P. A. Katenin.

Streets

• Aerodromnaya street.
• Street Birch.
• Street Buevskaya.
• Bykova street.
• Vasilkovaya Street.
• Gorky street.
• Galichskaya street.
• Dalnaya Street.
• Street Dorozhnaya.
  • Road lane.
• Zagorodnaya Street.
• Zarechnaya street.
• Street Green.
• Kalinin Street - the former Obvalnaya street. The most important element of urban planning is the arc street, connecting the rays of the fan-shaped street system and serving as the border of a regular city. When building the city according to the new plan of 1780, Chukhloma was dug in a small moat, the earth of which formed a rampart. As a result, the street was called Obvalnaya, and in 1843 - Oval. At the entrance to the city from the sides of Galich and Kologriv there were outposts, behind which the forges were located. The street got its modern name after 1917.
• Street Katenina.
• Maple Street.
• Lebedev Street.
• Lenin street.
• Lesnaya street.
• Street Lipovaya.
• Street Meadow.
• Mira street.
• Youth Street.
• Naberezhnaya street.
• Street Nagornaya.
• Street Nekrasov.
• New Street.
• Street Novikova.
• Ovchinnikov street.
• October Street.
  • October Lane.
• Street Pervomayskaya.
• Pisemsky street.
• Pionerskaya street.
• Street Field.
• Suburban Street.
• Rybatskaya street.
• Street Sandeba.
• Sadovaya street.
• Sverdlov Street.
• Freedom Street.
  • Liberty Lane.
• Street Semenovskaya.
• Sovetskaya street.
• Sunny street.
• Street Construction.
• Street Grassy.
• Alder Street.
• Street Flower.
• Street Yubileinaya.
  • Jubilee Lane.
• South street.
• Street A.A. Yakovleva.

Squares

Former shopping area. In 1917 it was renamed the Revolution Square . The square got its name from the fact that up to five buildings with shops were built here. Here on the square on market days peasants sold their products. From November 24 to December 1, the Catherine Fair was held on the square. Here was concentrated the social life of the city. In 1932, the bazaar was moved from this square to Kladbishchenskaya street, and was called the Collective Farm Market.

Fairs

One of the brightest pages of the history of the provincial Chukhloma of the 19th - early 20th century, fairs became remote from busy communications, from large shopping centers. In 1839, by the order of the Kostroma governor’s board, the annual fair was allowed in Chukhloma from December 7 to 14, which was awarded the title “Catherine”. December 7 is the day of St. Catherine the Great Martyr . It was the largest of all county fairs, the advent of which was expected for a month or more. A week before the opening of the fair, shopping booths for visiting merchants were built on the square.

Chukhloma Fortress

The time of construction of the Chukhloma fortress is unknown. Approximately - this is the end of the XV beginning of the XVI centuries . The fortress was located on a high hill at the confluence of the Sandeba River in the lake. On the south side, the fortress protected the cliff of the river bank, on the west - the steep slopes of the hill to the lake, and on the north and east - embankments and ditches, which included two ponds. The height of the shafts on the floor sides reached 4 meters, and on the rest no more than 1.5 m. The fortress had the shape of an irregular quadrangle. Wooden walls with quadrangular towers were erected on the shafts, of which four secured corners, and two, on the north and east sides, were passing. The defense system was supplemented by three more towers located inside the walls: a high pyramidal patrol with several tiers of bypass galleries-balconies and two lower, with one tier of rounds. Powerful fortifications made it possible to keep it during the siege of the Poles in 1609.

The cathedral complex was located on the territory of the fortress. Near the temples stood the governor’s courtyard, the cottage, the courtyard of the Abraham’s monastery, the siege houses of the boyars B. I. Morozov, G. I. Maykov, G. I. Gorikhvostov, I. Ya. Koltovsky.

The Chukhloma fortress lasted until 1727, when the "great fire " in its frantic rampage destroyed all the buildings. In an all-devouring flame, battle towers and walls of the city of Chukhloma died, and state and private houses disappeared in the fireworks . Only ashes and smoldering little heads remained from the city Kremlin. On the territory of the ancient fortress there is now a city park.

Transfiguration Cathedral

The Transfiguration Cathedral was built in 1747 at the expense of P. M. Nelyubov and parishioners, replacing the wooden Nikolskaya church in this place. Later, already in the second half of the 17th century , a bell tower was erected a few meters west. Following this, a two-limit refectory was built between the temple and the bell tower. In the 1870s, two symmetrical tents for the sacristy and the gatehouse were erected on the sides of the bell tower. Despite the poor preservation, the Transfiguration Cathedral is one of the most striking monuments of its time in the Kostroma region.

The cathedral is located in the central part of the city southwest of the ancient ramparts. In 1723, during the reign of Peter I, priest Luka Vasiliev and church elder Grigory Dmitriev wrote a petition to the synodal order that “the church from ancient times is very dilapidated and it is impossible to conduct God's services in it”. The construction of a new stone church began. Seven years later, in July 1730, the chapels of the stone church were built and ready for consecration, but the church itself was not yet completed. The consecration took place on July 31. This date is considered to be the beginning of the history of the only surviving churches of the city of Chukhloma.

Alexander Almshouse

The Alexander Almshouse for the charity of the elderly was opened on August 30, 1889 . The district zemstvo, wishing to perpetuate the memory of Alexander II , decided to give the city a two-story semi-stone house built in the last quarter of the 19th century. The building, which became the main building of the almshouse, was converted and allocated 5 thousand rubles for the maintenance of the suspects. The trustee was appointed I.I. Iudin . In 1892 , at the expense of Petersburg merchants D. L. Parfenov and I. N. Boev, a house church was built on the second floor of the almshouse. A two-tier wooden belfry was placed to the left of the house along the red line of the street. During the First World War, an infirmary was arranged in the almshouse, and after the October Revolution it was transferred to school.

Orphanage

The orphanage is an example of a large charitable complex characteristic of its time, which plays a significant role in shaping the historical urban planning environment of Chukhloma. Built with funds from the natives of the village of M. Svetitsa, the merchants of the Parfenov brothers. First, in 1903-1905, the main building was built, followed by the southern building and two buildings designed to accommodate personnel. The territory of the complex at the beginning of the 20th century was landscaped with regular linden plantings. In the first years of the formation of Soviet power, the city hospital was located in the buildings of the shelter.

• Baykov, Anatoly Sergeyevich - director of the Young Guard National Theater in the village of Zvezdny on the highway of the Baikal-Amur Railway ^[24] .
• Zinoviev Alexander Alexandrovich - Russian philosopher, writer, sociologist, publicist.
• Pisemsky Alexey Feofilaktovich - Russian writer and playwright.
• Pugovkin Mikhail Ivanovich - film and theater actor.
• Figurovsky, Nikolai Nikolayevich - Soviet film director and screenwriter of feature films, actor, writer, translator.

• Chukhloma County
• Howlers of the Chukhloma Island

• Chukhloma // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

• Chukhloma site "Small cities of Russia"
• History of the Coat of Arms of Chukhloma
• Chukhloma in the encyclopedia "My city"
• Chukhloma Zemstvo (From the book: D. L. Mordovtsev. The Decade of the Russian Zemstvo, 1864–1875. St. Petersburg, 1877.)
• History, statistics of changes in population, current state of the city of Chukhloma
• Belorukov D.F. The city of Chukhloma. Villages, villages and cities of the Kostroma region: materials for history.