Lange, Nikolai Nikolaevich

After graduating from the St. Petersburg Second Gymnasium (1878) and the Faculty of History and Philology [Imperial University of St. Petersburg | St. Petersburg University]] (1882) was left at the Department of Philosophy. The following 1883 he was sent for an internship in Germany and France, where he attended philosophical courses abroad and worked at the Wilhelm Wundt Psychological Institute. Interesting results of this work concerning attention were first published in Wundt's Philosophische Studien (vol. IV), and then, in a revised form, in the book Psychological Research. The law of perception. Theory of strong-willed attention ”(Odessa, 1893 ).

In 1888, Mr .. received a master's degree in philosophy for the work "History of moral ideas of the XIX century." In 1894, N. N. Lange defended his doctoral dissertation “Psychological research: the Law of perception. Theory of volitional attention ”, in which he spoke as one of the founders of the Russian and prominent representative of the world of experimental and experimental psychology of the late XIX.

Acting as a privat-docent in philosophy at St. Petersburg University , Lange was soon appointed to Odessa , to the Department of Philosophy of Novorossiysk University (now Odessa National University named after I.I. Mechnikov ), which he held for a long time. From 1888, he was a private assistant professor , then professor at the Novorossiysk University ( Odessa ), where in 1896 he organized one of the country's first experimental psychological laboratories.

He dealt with the problems of perception, attention, memory, thinking based on the understanding of motor reactions as primary in relation to the actual mental processes. He formulated the law of perception, according to which perception has a stadial character from a generalized to a differentiated image. The author of the motor theory of attention, according to which, fluctuations in attention with the so-called dual images are determined by the movements of the eyes circling the depicted contour.

One of the prominent Ukrainian psychologists D. G. Elkin was a pupil of N. N. Lange.

Lange's Law of Perception ^[2] : The law of perception, the essence of which is as follows: the process of perception is a quick change of a less concrete, more general perception of an object, a phenomenon more private, concrete, differentiated.

• “History of moral ideas of the XIX century” (part I, St. Petersburg, 1888);
• Lange N.N. On the action of hashish (Psychological note) . - Moscow, 1889;
• “The Soul of the Child” (St. Petersburg, 1892, according to Preyer);
• “Letters of Eloise to Abelard” // “Southern collection in favor of the victims of crop failure” (Odessa, 1892);
• Translation with notes of “The First Analytics” by Aristotle (St. Petersburg, 1894).
• “Textbook of logic” (Odessa, 1898);
• “Great thinkers of the 19th century. Lecture I. Kant and “Critique of Pure Reason” (Odessa, 1901);
• "Theory of W. Wundt about the beginning of the myth" (Odessa, 1912)

• Elkin, David Genrikhovich

• Lange, Nikolai Nikolaevich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Lange Nikolai Nikolaevich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Law of perception