Reflection in Marxism is a universal property of matter [1] , as having “a property essentially related to sensation, a property of reflection” [2] . The property is manifested in the ability of material forms to reproduce the certainty of other material forms in the form of a change in their own certainty in the process of interaction with them.
Content
Origin
... not man reflects reality, but reality itself is reflected in man.
- M.A. Lifshits . From an autobiography of ideas. Conversations M. A. Lifshits // Context 1987. Literary and theoretical studies. M .: Nauka, 1988.S. 305.
In dialectical materialism, the priority in using the category of reflection belongs to Lenin [3] , although the concept of reflection goes back to the concept of reflection by Hegel and the French materialism of the XVIII century, one of the representatives of which Denis Didro claimed: “the ability of sensation is a universal property of matter or the product of its organization” [4] . Particular and specific forms of reflection are information , sensation and consciousness . The origins of the theory are found in the work of one of the "founding fathers" of the United States, Thomas Payne, "The Age of Reason."
From the point of view of dialectical materialism, reality is knowable; there is no barrier between “ appearance ” and “ thing in itself ”, because cognition is a form of reflection.
The concept of reflection ... is a materialistic version of the Hegelian concept of reflection. If Hegel’s spirit reflects itself, reflected in the external, objective world, then in Marxism nature is reflected in itself (“nature” in the ultimate sense, including people, human society).
The Evolution of Reflection Forms
- Irritability is the initial form of reflection, the ability to react.
- Sensitivity - the ability to feel , which is the initial form of the psyche of animals. Sensitivity implies the presence of nervous tissue - “a special material structure responsible for reflection”
- Perception is not only a differentiated perception of the properties and relationships of things, but also a reflection of a significant number of biologically significant relationships in the world.
- Consciousness - involves not only influencing the subject from the outside, but also the active action of the subject itself, its creative activity, which is manifested in the selectivity and focus of perception, in distracting from some objects, properties and relationships and fixing others, in turning feelings, an image into logical thought , in operating with conceptual forms of knowledge [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Introduction to philosophy. - M .: Politizdat , 1989. Part 2 - Ch. IX
- ↑ Materialism and empirio-criticism // Lenin V.I. PSS. T. 18. - S. 91
- ↑ Kuznetsov I.V. Lenin's theory of reflection // Lenin as a philosopher. / Under. ed. M.M. Rosenthal . - M.: Politizdat , 1969 .-- 448 p.
- ↑ The Conversation of D'Alembert and Diderot // Diderot D. Works: in 2 volumes T. 1. - M.: Thought , 1986. - P. 387
- ↑ Spirkin, 1975 .
Literature
- Lenin's theory of reflection and modern science / Ed. F.V. Konstantinov . - M .: Nauka , 1966 .-- 302 p.
- Reflection / Spirkin A.G. // Otomi - Plaster. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 19).
- PK Kirschenmann. Information and Reflection: On some Problems of Cybernetics and how Contemporary Dialectical Materialism Copes with Them . - Springer Science & Business Media, 2012 .-- S. 97. - 240 p. - ISBN 9401168121 .
Links
- REFLECTION :: Electronic Library of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (rus.)
- [one]
- [2]
- The journal "Questions of Philosophy" - Lenin on the relation of thinking to being and the problem of the ontological status of human subjectivity (Russian)
- Reflection Theory and the Identity of Thinking and Being on JSTOR
- [3]