State fingerprint registration in the Russian Federation

The issue of the use of fingerprint registration on a broader plane has been raised since the first card index fingerprint systems were created. Over time, this issue became more acute. This was due, for example, to difficulties in establishing the identity of unidentified corpses, victims of accidents, industrial and natural disasters, plane crashes, victims of local military conflicts, etc.

Fingerprint registration, based on the use of fingerprints, as one of the biometric characteristics of a person, is, in a series of similar directions, the cheapest, easiest, most technologically advanced and reliable means of identifying a person. It largely satisfies the requirements for a national system of registration of citizens and provides a solution to its challenges.

The following were hindered by the widespread use of fingerprint registration:

• it could not be operational, high-speed due to the high complexity of working with card files;
• the ten-finger principle of organizing a card file system - in the absence of a certain number of fingerprints on a “request” fingerprint, the complexity and time of searching a card file increased several times, tens and hundreds of times.

The creation of automated fingerprint systems solved these problems:

• search speed was determined by the level and quality of software and algorithms for searching and encoding papillary patterns , as well as the volume and speed of the entire ADIS software and hardware complex (automated fingerprint information system);
• the search is not carried out according to the ten-finger principle, as in card files, ADIS is a monodactyloscopic system, i.e. to search for a fingerprint of one finger or even just a fragment of it, this provides the ability to identify, for example, unidentified corpses, when the volume of fingerprint material can be very small.

The creation of the Russian automated fingerprint system that meets all technical and operational requirements allowed us to begin the creation of the State system of fingerprint registration. The corresponding law was adopted and July 25, 1998 signed by the President of the Russian Federation ^[1] .

It determined that fingerprint information obtained as a result of state fingerprint registration is used to:

• the search for missing citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons;
• identification of unidentified corpses of a person's personality;
• identification of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons who are not able, due to health or age, to report information about their personality;
• proof of identity of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons;
• prevention, disclosure and investigation of crimes , as well as the prevention and identification of administrative offenses.

The law provided for voluntary fingerprint registration, and also determined the list of persons subject to mandatory fingerprint registration:

• a) citizens of the Russian Federation called up for military service;
• b) military personnel ;
• c) citizens of the Russian Federation serving:
  • in internal affairs bodies;
  • in the bodies of the federal security service;
  • in foreign intelligence agencies;
  • drug trafficking and psychotropic substances control authorities;
  • bodies of the state tax service;
  • civil defense, emergency and disaster management agencies;
  • bodies and units of the bailiff service;
  • customs authorities ;
  • state security bodies;
  • institutions and bodies of the penal system;
  • State Fire Service;
• d) rescuers of professional emergency rescue services and professional emergency rescue units of the Russian Federation;
• e) crew members of state, civil and experimental aircraft of the Russian Federation;
• f) citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons who are not able, due to health or age, to provide information about their identities, if it is impossible to establish these data in another way;
• g) citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons suspected of committing a crime, accused of committing a crime or convicted of a crime, subjected to administrative arrest, committed an administrative offense , if it is not possible to establish their identity in another way;
• h) foreign citizens and stateless persons subject to expulsion ( deportation ) from the territory of the Russian Federation;
• i) foreign citizens and stateless persons who arrived in the Russian Federation in search of asylum and filed applications for political or other asylum or for their recognition as refugees in the territory of the Russian Federation;
• j) foreign citizens illegally residing in the territory of the Russian Federation;
• k) foreign citizens who have received a temporary residence permit.
• l) citizens of the Russian Federation applying for a private security guard / detective certificate (Article 11.1.11 of the Law on Private Detective and Security Activities in the Russian Federation as amended by Federal Law of December 22, 2008 No. 272-FZ)

All unidentified corpses are subject to mandatory state fingerprint registration.

• Fingerprint Automation
• Fingerprinting formula