Ares or Arey ( dr. Greek Ἄρης , Mycenae. A-re [3] ) - in ancient Greek mythology [4] - the god of war. Included in the twelve Olympic gods , the son of Zeus and Hera [5] .
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Unlike Pallas Athena , the goddess of a fair and just war, Ares, distinguished by treachery and cunning, preferred a treacherous and bloody war, a war for the sake of the war itself. In the works of Homer, one can find the identification of Ares with war and deadly weapons. Ares's companions are the goddess of contention Eris and bloodthirsty Enio . His horses, the children of one of the Erinians and Boreas , bore the names: Flame, Noise, Horror, Shine. The attributes of God were dogs, a kite, a burning torch and a spear.
Ares was usually portrayed as a mighty and mature warrior in armor with a sword in his hand and a helmet on his head.
In Roman mythology, Mars corresponds to it.
Content
Origin
It was originally believed that Hera gave birth to Ares from touching a magical flower. In later myths [6], Ares appeared as the son of Zeus, who called him the most hated of all the gods and claimed that if not Ares were his own son, he would have sent him to Tartarus long ago, where the descendants of the heavenly god Uranus languish.
There is evidence of its non-Greek, Thracian , origin. Sophocles calls him born in Thrace [7] . Ares is mentioned from the Mycenaean era ; the name of the war god at the same time, Enialia later became the epithet of Ares.
Features
In ancient literature, you can find references to the fact that Ares married the most beautiful of the goddesses - Aphrodite, sometimes even children who were born from this marriage are called: Eros , Anteros (hatred), Harmony , Gimeros , Phobos (fear) and Deimos (horror). “Due to” its negative qualities, Ares with great difficulty established himself among the other Olympic gods, therefore, traces of the strata of various eras are clearly visible in his image.
Once in the course of 13 months (lunar year) it was imprisoned in a copper amphora [8] , or in a clay tub [9] . He was captured during the Aload . Ares himself released the captured death god Thanatos, captured by Sisyphus .
Ares was the beloved of the goddess Aphrodite . [10] [11] Their love and violation of Aphrodite marital fidelity is very often mentioned in ancient mythology.
In the battle for Pylos, he was wounded by Hercules [12] . Heracles also wounded him when he killed Cycne. [13]
Ares participated in the Trojan War on the side of the Trojans and was defeated by Athena .
The son of the Phoenician king Agenor Cadmus , who founded Thebes in Boeotia, killed the dragon dedicated to Ares.
Ares offspring
From the union of Ares and Aphrodite were born Eros (love), Anteros (passion, hate), Pofos (god of love of anguish) , Phobos (fear), Deimos (horror) and Harmony , as well as Gimeros .
Also his daughter was Enio .
Progeny:
- Alkippa . From Agrawla.
- Alcon .
- Amazons . From the nymphs of Harmony or Aphrodite.
- Askalaf and Ialmen . From Astiokha.
- Airport From Airports. The mythical king of Tegeatida (version).
- Beeston and Diomedes the Thracian . From Cyrene.
- Dragon at Thebes, slain by Cadmus . From Erinia Tilfosa.
- Driant from Calydon .
- Driant the Thracian .
- Even , Mol , Pylos and Festius . From Demonics or Demodics.
- Ixion (version).
- Hippolyta (aka Antiope) and Penfesilea . From Otrera.
- Ifit and Toxey. From Antioch (version).
- Kikn . From the Pyrenees or Pelopia.
- Face. King of Libya.
- Lycaon (unclear).
- Lycurgus the Thracian (version).
- Melanipp . From Tritium.
- Meleager From Alphea.
- Merion (version).
- Miney (version).
- Nis Megaretz (version).
- Oksil. From Protogeny.
- Parfenopei . From Atalanta (version).
- Porfaon (version).
- Romulus and Remus . From Sylvia or Emilia.
- Terey . From Bistonida [14] .
- Thidea . From Peribei.
- Titaresium.
- Faun (version).
- Phlegius . From Dotida or Chrys.
- Frax.
- Frassa. From Terina.
- Khalib.
- Eagre (version).
- Enomai . From Asteria (aka Sterop or Asterope) or Harpins}.
- Erifion (Eurition) .
- a certain son (a gap in Gigin's manuscript). From Leodoka.
His children: (from unknown mothers) Melanippe.
Matchmaking to Persephone. His lover was Eos .
Killed by Ares
- Adonis
- Halirrophy
- Mimant (giant)
- Pelor (giant)
- Periphant (son of Ochesia )
Ares's environment
Ares's companions were the goddess of contention Eris and the bloodthirsty Enio .
Piroeis is the name of the star of Ares ( planet Mars ) [15] . It was named so from Ares's passionate love for Aphrodite [16] .
Epithets and identifications of Ares
- Hermes . In the Mycenaean era, Ares epithet: e-ma-a2 a-re-ja (Hermes Ares) [17] .
- Candaon . Also the name of Ares [18] .
- Mamert . The Epithet of Ares [19] .
- Enialius (Ares Enialius). The Epithet of Ares.
Ares is identified with the Italian (Roman) Mars .
In Karmania, Ares was sacrificed by donkeys [20] . When he fled to Egypt, he turned into a fish lepidote [21] . He was worshiped in Egypt [22] (identified with Horus ).
In literature and art
The eighth hymn of Homer and the LXV orphic hymn are dedicated to him.
Notes
- ↑ Lubker F. Phlegyas // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities by Lubker / Ed. F.F. Zelinsky , L.A. Georgievsky , M.S. Kutorg , etc. - St. Petersburg. : Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy , 1885. - S. 1035.
- ↑ Lubker F. Pelops // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities according to Lubker / ed. F.F. Zelinsky , L.A. Georgievsky , M.S. Kutorg , etc. - St. Petersburg. : Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy , 1885. - S. 1002–1003.
- ↑ Subject-conceptual dictionary of the Greek language. Mycenaean period. L., 1986. P.140
- ↑ Myths of the peoples of the world . M., 1991-92. In 2 t. T. 1. S.101-102; Lubker F. The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities . M., 2001. In 3 vol. T. 1. S.160-161
- ↑ Hesiod , Theogony 921 ( Loeb Classical Library numbering ); Iliad , 5.890–896. In contrast, the Roman counterpart of Ares Mars was born from Juno , according to Ovid ( Fasti 5.229–260).
- ↑ Hesiod. Theogony 922; Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library I 3, 1
- ↑ Clement. Protreptic 29, 2; Arnoby. Against the Gentiles IV 25; Wed Sophocles. Antigone 970
- ↑ Homer. Iliad V 387; Nonn. Acts of Dionysus XVI 159
- ↑ Nonn. Acts of Dionysus XXXI 42
- ↑ Kun N. A. "Legends and Myths of Ancient Greece" 1940
- ↑ Homer. Odyssey VIII 267—361
- ↑ Pseudo-Hesiod. Hercules Shield 359-367
- ↑ Pseudo-Hesiod. Hercules Shield 458-462
- ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus. Mythological library I 3, 1 next
- ↑ Pseudo-Eratosthenes. Disaster 43; Cicero. About the nature of the gods II 53
- ↑ Gigin. Astronomy II 42, 3
- ↑ Subject-conceptual dictionary of the Greek language. Mycenaean period. L., 1986. P.142
- ↑ Lycophron. Alexandra 937, 1410 and comm.
- ↑ Lycophron. Alexandra 938, 1410
- ↑ Strabo . Geography XV 2, 14 (p. 727)
- ↑ Antonin Liberal. Metamorphoses 28, 3
- ↑ Herodotus . History II 63
Literature
- Tahoe-Godi A.A. Ares // Big Russian Encyclopedia / S.L. Kravets. - M: Great Russian Encyclopedia. - T. 2. - S. 203-204. - 768 p. - 65,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-330-3 .
- Ares / A.F. Losev // Myths of the World : Encycl. in 2 t / hl ed. S. A. Tokarev . - 2nd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1987. - T. 1: AK. - 671 p.
- Ἄρης // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885.