Aleksandr Konstantinovich Soloviev ( August 18 [30], 1846 , Luga, Petersburg province - May 28 [ June 9 ] 1879 , St. Petersburg ) - Russian revolutionary - populist , retired college secretary .
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Biography
Born in the family of college registrar Konstantin Grigoryev Solovyov and Tatyana Nikolaeva, who by the time of the attempted regicide had lived in St. Petersburg, in the building of the Kamennoostrovsky Palace of Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna .
He studied first at the county school in Luga; He was enrolled in the male gymnasium No. 3 on Solyanoy per. in St. Petersburg at the expense of the sums of Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna .
In 1865 he entered the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University , but from the second year he was forced to leave him for a lack of funds.
After passing the exam for a teacher, in 1868 he was appointed a teacher at the Toropetsk district school: he taught history and geography; had many private lessons; was in good standing with the authorities [2] . In 1875 he retired and settled with the family of Nikolai Bogdanovich in the village. Voronin, according to his own explanation in the investigation [3] , for the study of blacksmithing. I met Bogdanovich’s brother Nikolai - Yuri Bogdanovich, with whom he established “very close relations that resulted in joint criminal activity” subsequently [4] . In August 1876 he married the girl Ekaterina Chelishcheva; spouses lived separately [4] .
Earlier, very religious, having become disillusioned with religion, in 1876 joined the society “ Earth and Freedom ” (according to Soviet historiography; the prosecution said that it “belongs” to the “Russian social-revolutionary party” [3] ); in 1877-1878 he led revolutionary propaganda among the peasants of the Volga region.
April 2 ( April 14 ), 1879 ( Bright Monday), made an unsuccessful attempt on the emperor Alexander II , who made his usual morning walk in the vicinity of the Winter Palace without guards and without satellites. All shots passed the intended target; when trying to detain Solovyov took poison ( arsenic , or, according to the text of the indictment [3] , - potassium cyanide ), but was saved by doctors who gave the antidote; originally introduced himself as Sokolov [5] . According to the official version of the events, based on the testimonies of the witnesses and the accused, the attempt was made by Solovyov at the gate of the headquarters of the Guards Corps, on the Moika Embankment , when the emperor followed to Palace Square : the first shot was fired at a distance of “about twelve steps” [6] then followed by a short chase (in the direction of the Pevchesky Bridge ), during which another 2 shots were fired at a closer distance from the target; around the time of the 3rd shot, Solovyov was overtaken by the head captain of the gendarme corps Koch, who hit Solovyov with a naked saber on the back “so hard that the saber bent, and the criminal, stumbled, almost fell, but this did not stop the villain from making the fourth a shot at the Sovereign Emperor, after which the unknown rushed to run towards Palace Square, crowded on all sides by a runaway crowd of people into which the offender fired a fifth shot ” [3] . He was detained near the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The investigation was carried out extremely carefully. Even very distant persons from A. Solovyov came under police surveillance. For example, a close friend of his wife Catherine and future academician of painting - N. Losev [7] .
Alexander Solovyov pleaded guilty already at the time of the inquiry, as well as in court: according to his testimony, he acted independently, but in the knowledge that he was acting in the spirit of his party's program. According to the publication of his testimony, he spent the night from Good Friday (the week before the assassination attempt) on Saturday (before the first day of Easter ) with a prostitute [8] ; I also spent the whole day of Easter in the apartment of a prostitute, from whom I left at about 8 a.m. on April 2 [3] [8] .
On May 25 ( June 6 ), 1879, a meeting of the Supreme Criminal Court was opened under the chairmanship of Prince S. N. Urusov “in the case of the retired college secretary Alexander Konstantinov Soloviev accused of state crimes” [6] . Answering the first question of the court president about himself, he said: “Alexander Konstantinov Solovyov, a nobleman [9] , a retired college secretary, 33 years old, was baptized in the Orthodox faith, but I do not recognize religion ” [6] .
By the end of the same day, the Supreme Criminal Court found Solovyov guilty of "belonging to a criminal community seeking to overthrow by forcibly overthrow the existing state and social system in Russia, on April 2, 1879, at 10 a.m. , St. Petersburg, with the intention of premeditated, encroaching on the life of the sacred person of the Emperor, made in his Imperial Majesty a few shots from a revolver, "and sentenced him" to deprive of all property rights and subjected to the death penalty cher s hanging " [10] .
On May 28 of that year, the verdict of the Court was carried out on the Smolensk field with a confluence of people up to 70 thousand people [11] ; before the execution he refused the parting words of the priest , bowing low to him; the coffin with his body was taken to about. Starve and buried there [11] .
In memory of the unsuccessful assassination attempt of Soloviev [12] in 1879-1882, a stone church was built in the name of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God on the eighth verst of the Shlisselburg tract (now - Obukhovskaya Prospect Avenue).
See also
- Medal "For Salvation" (Russian Empire)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Solovyov Alexander Konstantinovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Soloviev, Alexander Konstantinovich . // hrono.ru. Date of treatment April 2, 2012. Archived June 2, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 “Government Report”. May 26 ( June 7 ) 1879 , No. 116, p. 2.
- ↑ 1 2 “ Government Report ”. May 27 ( June 8 ) 1879 , No. 117, p. 1.
- ↑ " Moscow Vdomosti ". April 4, 1879, No. 83, p. 2.
- ↑ 1 2 3 “Governmental Newsletter”. May 26 ( June 7 ) 1879 , No. 116, p. 1.
- ↑ Losev Nikolai Dmitrievich // Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia : in 5 volumes / ed. F. Ya. Kona et al. - M .: All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers , 1927-1934.
- ↑ 1 2 "Moscow Vedomosti". May 27, 1879, No. 132, p. 3.
- ↑ The following comment was made in the government body in connection with this statement by Solovyov: Although the defendant Solovyov called himself a nobleman during his interrogation during the judicial investigation, it can be seen from the information available in the case that his father, Konstantin Solovyov, was made from soldier’s children to the rank of collegiate registrar, with seniority from 24 th August 1844 [13th February 1845 sic ], why <...> Alexander Soloviev, has acquired the rank of a collegiate secretary private honorary citizenship , by birth, as the son of the personal gentleman , belongs ezhal to hereditary honorable citizenship. (“Government Newsletter. May 30, 1879, No. 119, p. 3 (note on the text of the“ Verdict of the Supreme Criminal Court ”).
- ↑ Resolution of the Supreme Criminal Court on the case of the subject of Alexander Soloviev. // "Governmental Newsletter". May 26 ( June 7 ) 1879 , No. 116, p. 2
- ↑ 1 2 "Moscow Vedomosti". May 30, 1879, No. 135, p. 3.
- ↑ St. Petersburg | Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God in the village of Smolensk . sobory.ru. Date of treatment October 3, 2018.
Links
- Solovyov Alexander Konstantinovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .