Profitable House - an apartment building built for renting apartments , as well as the type of architectural structure that has developed in European countries and countries by the 30s – 40s of the 19th century.
Apartments in the apartment building, as a rule, are grouped around staircases, corridors or galleries ( gallery house ) and are uniform in layout. Built in the late XIX - early XX century. Tenement houses most often contained a small courtyard-well , and the rest of the space of the landlord’s land plot was occupied by the building itself. Under the yard-well, various economic premises of such a profitable house were often located (buildings of this type are especially numerous in St. Petersburg , Odessa , Rostov-on-Don ).
Decorative architectural design received only the front facade , facing the street. Due to the fact that the living spaces were relatively small, the distance between the axes of the windows also decreased, so vertical architectural segmentation of the facade was typical for such houses [1] .
Profitable houses could belong both to individuals and various organizations looking for a stable source of income. In the Russian Empire, owners of apartment houses, among others, were educational institutions, orphanages , monasteries, and both commercial and charitable societies. Often such houses were built for themselves by wealthy architects.
Content
Economic Aspects
The payback time of a profitable house is much longer than the time of sale and instant profit.
Grigory Mazaev, First Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Public Utilities of the Sverdlovsk Region :
The idea is definitely a good one. However, in the regional budget of 2008 funds for its implementation are not yet provided. I suppose it’s difficult to find private investors in today's conditions - a “profitable house” built for too long will pay off [2] .
Spread
Until 1917 there were 800 apartment buildings in Moscow [3] .
Moscow
Until 1917 in Moscow, up to 40% of housing was made up of apartment houses - usually the larger the house was, the cheaper it was to rent apartments in it. Often, tenement houses combined various functions. So, on the lower floors of the house of the Economic Society of Officers on Vozdvizhenka there were shops and stores, office premises were higher, above them were sewing, tailoring and shoe shops, a basement and an attic were given as warehouses; the first floor of the House of Pearl on Myasnitskaya was occupied by the owner’s tea shop, and the second and third were his private apartments and rented apartments.
Many buildings of pre-revolutionary apartment houses have survived to our time: in particular, the buildings of the insurance company "Russia" on Sretensky Boulevard . In Soviet times, many apartment buildings were converted into communal apartments .
In the 2000s, the Moscow mayor’s office decided to build their own apartment houses [4] . In April 2002, the resolution of the Government of Moscow N 239-PP “On conducting an experiment on the construction and operation of a profitable house in the city of Moscow” was adopted [5] . In October 2003, the first modern apartment building in Russia was put into operation: it consists of 47 apartments, from 2 to 7 rooms each, and 4 office premises.
At the end of 2010, the ASG investment group began to implement the project to create a network of business class Rublyovo-Myakinino houses in Moscow [6] , intending to build a club settlement and several apartment buildings with a total area of 35 thousand m² [7] [ 8] . According to the new program of the Ministry of Regional Development, by 2020 the share of rental housing in the housing construction market should be 20% [9] .
In 2013, NIiPI General Plan began to search for a place for a pilot project on the construction of tenement houses. Houses can be built in one of 12 growth points on the territory of the “ new Moscow ”, in Rublevo-Arkhangelsk , where it is planned to create an administrative and business center, or near the “ Moscow City ” [10] .
St. Petersburg
For the first time, tenement houses in St. Petersburg appeared in the 18th century, but at that time buildings only adapted for this function. Purposeful construction of tenement houses began in the city from the middle of the XIX century - they constitute a significant part of the pre-revolutionary urban development. There is also a small number of modern implementations. [3]
Putilova apartment building on Bolshoi Prospekt, Petrogradskaya side
Profitable House of the First Russian Insurance Company on Kamennoostrovsky Avenue
Profitable house of Count Tolstoy on the street. Rubinstein
Profitable house Lidval on Kamennoostrovsky Avenue
Rostov-on-Don
At the moment, in Rostov-on-Don, only those belonging to the architectural heritage have survived at least 50 apartment buildings [11] . Profitable houses, like most stone buildings, were built in Rostov and Nakhichevan in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The former tenement houses still form the face of the historical part of Rostov-on-Don, in particular, one of the most beautiful buildings in the city is the Profitable House of the merchant Gench-Ogluyev , located on the main street of Bolshaya Sadovaya . Interesting and architecturally significant for the city are the apartment houses of Shiraman , Karapet Chernov , Chirikov and a number of others.
Sochi
In Sochi, they also began to master the practice of building and operating apartment houses. This direction is still new for this city, but is becoming more widespread.
Ukraine. Kiev
One of the famous and richly decorated apartment houses - “ House with Chimaeras” , built by architect Vladislav Gorodetsky in 1901-1903. in modern style.
Belorussia
There were from the 1870s. until 1917. From the beginning of the 20th century they were built in 3-5 floors. The most famous tenement houses in Minsk , Mogilev , Vitebsk and Gomel . Architects V. Vukolov, G. Guy, S. Krasnopolsky and others took part in the construction.
Western Europe
The countries of western continental Europe and Great Britain are the home of tenement houses in the form in which we are used to understand and see them now. Classic apartment building - the lower floor is reserved for trade, and the upper floors for residential apartments. At the same time, for example, in Belgium a profitable house in appearance, as a rule, does not stand out from the general urban ensemble. In Germany, apartment houses are very popular. Germans are even called the “nation of tenants” —60% of Germans prefer to rent housing, and their own to buy by the age of 40. The apartment buildings in Germany make up about 30% of all real estate. [12]
See also
- Insula is a multi-storey residential building with rooms and apartments intended for rental. Appeared not earlier than III century BC. er There were usually from four to seven floors, there are references to eight-story insula. Constitute a massive building of ancient Roman cities .
Notes
- ↑ A. Browsevetter. Facade divisions // Architectural forms of civil structures. - SPb. : Publishing I. I. Bazlova, 1904. - 229 p.
- Поз “The Forgotten Tenant” // “ Rossiyskaya Gazeta ” - Economy of the Ural Federal District No. 4552 dated December 25, 2007
- ↑ 1 2 Profitable house in Petersburg - how it works
- "Profitable business could share" " Rossiyskaya Gazeta " - Central issue number 3529 of July 19, 2004
- ↑ [ (unavailable link) Resolution of the Government of Moscow of April 2, 2002 N 239-ПП]
- Доход “Profitable House-2” // Kommersant Money - No. 25 (832) of June 27, 2011
- Доход “Profitable houses: a new attempt” // “Real Estate & Prices” - № 12.
- ↑ [ (inaccessible reference - history ) The official site of the Moscow system of apartment houses Rublevo-Myakinino].
- ↑ Svetlana Danilova. The authorities plan to execute the housing state program by renting housing . Vedomosti (November 25, 2011). The appeal date is December 7, 2018.
- ↑ Profitable houses in “new Moscow”
- ↑ Rostov-on-Don (cultural heritage objects of regional significance, 201 - ,,,,). Part 3 - Government of the Rostov Region
- ↑ Olga Shoshina. Profitable House: Opportunities for Investment (12/09/2014).
Literature
- Profitable House // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- L.V. Belovinsky . Profitable House // Illustrated Encyclopedic Historical and Everyday Dictionary of the Russian People. XVIII - the beginning of the XIX century. / ed. N. Eremina . - M .: Eksmo, 2007. - p. 177-178. - 784 pp .: - ill. with. - 5 000 copies - ISBN 978-5-699-24458-4 .
- Belarusian entsiklapedyya: At 18 t. T.6: Dadaizm - Zastava / Redkal .: G.P. Pashkova and Insh. - Mn. : BelEn, 1998. - T. 6. - 576 p. - 10 000 copies - ISBN 985-11-0106-0 (T. 6). (white)
- B. P. Gusev. On the centenary of a profitable house // Housing construction. - 2000. - № 3. - pp. 22-26.
Links
- “Admirement of Moscow. More than three ” - a story about Moscow apartment buildings, the author’s program of Rustam Rakhmatullin .