Karl Lamprecht ( him. Karl Lamprecht ; February 25, 1856 , Jessen - May 10, 1915 , Leipzig ) - German historian . He was a professor in Bonn , Marburg and Leipzig . One of the first scientists who developed a systematic theory of psychological factors in history.
| Karl Lamprecht | |
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| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | Jessen |
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| Scientific field | story |
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| Awards and prizes | [d] [d] |
Content
Biography
Karl Gotthard Lamprecht was born on February 25, 1856, in Jessen, Saxony-Anhalt . He was the third child in the family, among the older brothers Hugo (1845-1854) and George (1856) [5] .
From 1874 to 1879 he studied history , political science , economics and art at the universities of Göttingen , Leipzig and Munich . In 1878, Lamprecht defended his doctoral dissertation at the University of Leipzigen on the topic "French economy of the XI-th century". A certain influence on Lamprecht was exerted by the work of Swiss Jacob Burckhardt "The Culture of Italy in the Renaissance" that prompted Karl to write the book “Individuality and its comprehension in the German Middle Ages” ( German Aeber Individualität und Verständnis für dieselbe im deutschen Mittelalter ) in 1878. In 1879 he studied in Cologne and taught at the Friedrich Wilhelm local gymnasium. In 1881, Lamprecht moved to Bonn , where he published a magazine on history and art in West Germany (1882) and became co-founder of the Society for the Study of the Rhine History (1883). In 1890, he taught at the University of Marburg , and a year later became a professor of history in Leipzig University . The main work of Lamprecht was a twelve-volume essay "The History of the German People" [6] [7] .
Ratings
The Indian mystic and philosopher Aurobindo Ghosh, in The Human Cycle (1914–1920), comments on the ideas of Lamprecht as follows:
| ... And in pre-war Germany, the country of rationalism and materialism, which for the last one and a half centuries was still the cradle of new thought and original teachings - good and bad, beneficial and destructive, one original scientist created and brought to light the first psychological theory of history. The first attempts at the new field rarely complete success, and the German historian, creating his theory, attacked a brilliant idea, but failed to either develop it in more detail, nor explore deep enough. He still could not get rid of ideas about the extreme importance of the economic factor, and, in addition, his theory, like all European science, correlated, classified and ordered phenomena much more successfully than explained. Nevertheless, in its basic idea lies a deep truth, a kind of insight, so it makes sense to consider some of its provisions, especially in the light of Eastern thought and experience. The creator of the theory, Lamprecht, based on European and, in particular, German history, suggested that human society passes through its development through certain distinctly distinct psychological stages, which he calls respectively symbolistic, typical, conventional, individualistic and subjectivistic. Thus, human society - any nation and civilization - in its development reproduces a certain psychological cycle. It is obvious that such classifications sin with excessive rigidity and replace coils and zigzags of nature with a straight line of mind. Psychology of human and human societies is too complex and combines too many versatile and contradictory trends to subject it to an accurate and formal analysis of this kind. Yes, this theory of the psychological cycle does not tell us anything about what the deep meaning of successive periods is, what makes it necessary to make such shifts, what is the ultimate goal of the whole process. And yet, in order to understand the natural laws of Mind or Matter, it is necessary to decompose their action into known elements, main components, main forces, even if it is impossible to distinguish them in real life. |
Works
His fundamental work Deutsche Geschichte (History of the German People, M., 1894 ) was partially translated into Russian in 12 volumes.
- Beiträge zur Geschichte des französischen Wirtschaftslebens im XI Jahrh (Lpz., 1878);
- Initialornamentik des VIII — XIII Jahrh ( 1882 );
- Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter (1886);
- Skizzen zur rhein. Geschichte (1887);
- Die römische Frage von König Pippin bis auf Kaiser Ludwig den Frommen ( 1889 ) and others.
Literature
- Rudolf Kötzschke, Armin Tille: Karl Lamprecht. In: Deutsche Geschichtsblätter. Band 16, 1915, S. 159-186.
Notes
- 2 1 2 3 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118569015 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ 1 2 Marburger Professorenkatalog - 2016.
- ↑ Lamprecht Karl // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Roger Chickering. Karl Lamprecht: A German Academic Life (1856-1915) . - BRILL, 1993. - p. 4. - 520 p. - ISBN 0391037668 .
- ↑ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica . Karl Gotthard Lamprecht | German historian (Enl.) , Encyclopedia Britannica . The appeal date is May 4, 2018.
- ↑ Karl Lamprecht facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Karl Lamprecht (English) . www.encyclopedia.com. The appeal date is May 4, 2018.
Links
- The history of the German people. Volume 1. 1894
- The history of the German people. Volume 2. 1895
- Lamprecht, Karl // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.