Melnik ( Bulgarian. Melnik ) is a city in the Blagoevgrad region of Bulgaria . It is part of the Sandanski community. It is located about 10 km east of the center of Sandanski and about 61 km southeast of the center of Blagoevgrad . According to the 2011 census , 217 people lived in the city [1] , the predominant nationality was Bulgarians [2] . Melnik is the smallest city in the country.
| City | |
| Melnik | |
|---|---|
| bulg. Melnik | |
 | |
| A country |  Bulgaria |
| Region | Blagoevgrad region |
| Community | Sandanski |
| Kmet | Kiril Kotev |
| History and Geography | |
| Square | 6.464 km² |
| Center height | 437 m |
| Timezone | and |
| Population | |
| Population | ▼ 217 people ( 2011 ) |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +359 7437 |
| Postcode | 2820 |
| Car code | E |
| ECATTE Code | 47754 |
Content
History
The founding time of Melnik is unknown. The first mention dates back to the 11th century. The city got its name from steep chalk cliffs.
In the era of the Ottoman yoke, the Greeks in Melnik gained predominance over the Bulgarians. Natives of the city are Anastasios Polizoidis , a lawyer and a well-known participant in the Greek revolution of 1821, Anastasios Khristomanis , a chemical scientist and teacher at the universities of Vienna, Moscow and Athens, four descendants of A. Christomanis were also professors of chemistry at the University of Athens.
In the early days of October 1878, the Kresnensko-Razlozhsky uprising broke out in these parts. One of the detachments of the Bulgarian rebels was commanded by the Don centurion Adam Kalmykov . The rebels failed to take the city, but the Turkish garrison of Melnik was greatly demoralized. On October 17, 1878 Kalmykov informed the rebel headquarters in the city of Dzhumaya: “ The uprising is expanding day by day ... One couple is fighting near Melnik [3] in the village of Demir-Khisar. Turks from Melnik and devious villages flee to Petrich and Serres . ”
On March 5, 1873, Peter Sarafov, father of the Macedonian hero Boris Sarafov , founded the first Bulgarian school in Melnik. It was located in the house of the priest-exarchist Atanas Pavlov, he was visited by children both from Melnik himself and from the surrounding villages. Being slandered by pro-Phanariotic Greeks before the Turkish authorities, Pyotr Sarafov, not having time to complete the school year, was forced to leave Melnik [4] and return to Libyakhovo .
On July 12, 1895 , a couple of Boris Sarafov , numbering about 70 rebels, attacked the city of Melnik, where his father once worked. For some time, the Sarafts captured Melnik and released the prisoners of the city prison. This event received a loud response in the European press, and entered the Macedonian historiography as the Melnichsky Uprising.
At the beginning of the XX century, 5 thousand people lived in the city, mostly they were Greeks . The Greek population was forced to leave the city after the 1913 Inter-Allied War , cross the border and settle in the nearby cities of Sidirokastro and Serres .
After that, the city became the center of the community as part of the Melniksky outskirts of the Strumitsa district of Bulgaria [5] . In 1920, there were 180 households in 117 residential buildings [6] in the city (which became a part of Petrich County with a okrug ) , in 1926 - 155 households in 106 residential buildings [7] . By this year, the city became part of the Sveti Vrach outskirts .
In 1934, there were 126 households in 110 residential buildings in the city of Sofia Region [8] . Then the okoliya became part of the Gorn Dzhumaya region [9] .
Since 1949, the Sandansky okoliya became part of the Gornodzhumaysky district (from 1950 - Blagoevgrad). In 1959, the outskirts were eliminated. In 1978–83, the city was part of the Sandanski community. Since 1987 - in the Sofia region. In the same year he re-entered the Sandanski community. Since 1999 - in the Blagoevgrad region [10] .
Population
| 1920 [6] | 1926 [7] | 1934 | 1946 | 1956 | 1965 | 1975 | 1985 | 1992 | 2001 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 721 | 722 | 552 | 472 | 522 | 551 | 417 | 330 | 287 | 243 | 217 | 199 |
Attractions
The city is a unique historical and cultural reserve, which supports traditional crafts. The ruins of the fortress dominate the city.
The famous Rozhen Monastery is 7 km away.
Melnik is dedicated to the story of the Soviet writer Yuri Trifonov “The smallest city” (1967).
Political Situation
In the local caste, Melnik, which includes Melnik, the post of kmet (village head) is performed by Hristo Nikolov Tashev ( VMRO - Bulgarian National Movement ) based on the election results of the kmetz board.
Kmet (mayor) of the Sandanski community - Andon Mikhailov Totev (independent) based on the results of elections to the board of the community.
Photo
Notes
- ↑ Information for the population on gr. Melnik, total. Sandanski, region Blagoevgrad (bulg.) . Date of treatment February 4, 2018.
- ↑ "&" National Statistical Institute. Population by region, community, place population and self-determination of ethnicity February 1, 2011 (Bulgarian) . Date of treatment March 18, 2012. Archived on April 5, 2013.
- ↑ Sotnik Kalmykov had in mind precisely the city of Melnik, whose name, however, does not come from mills, but from the surrounding chalk mountains.
- ↑ In his place was appointed teacher Ivan Kozarev.
- ↑ List of settlements on newly annexed lands (Bulgarian)
- ↑ 1 2 List of settlements according to the 1920 census (Bulgarian)
- ↑ 1 2 List of settlements according to the 1926 census (Bulgarian)
- ↑ List of settlements according to the 1934 census (Bulgarian)
- ↑ List of settlements according to the 1946 census (Bulgarian)
- ↑ Change of administrative subordination of the city of Melnik
- ↑ Population dynamics of the city of Melnik since 1934
Links
- Mini-walk around the mini-city. Melnik. Bulgaria. (Russian)
- Description of 1891 (Bulgarian)
- Population statistics (Bulgarian)
- Photo (Bulgarian)
- Photo (Bulgarian)
- Photo (Russian)
- Greek portal of Melnik (Greek)
- Popovic, M. Die Siedlungsstruktur der Region Melnik in spätbyzantinischer und osmanischer Zeit. - Zbornik Radova of the Byzantoloshkog Institute, T. 47 (2010), 247–276
- DM Brancoff. La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne. Paris, 1905, 192-193