IPS ( English instructions per second ) is a measure of the speed of a computer processor . Shows the number of specific instructions executed by the processor in one second . Often, IPS values claimed by manufacturers are peak values and are obtained on sequences of instructions that are not specific to real programs . Also, the throughput of the memory hierarchy greatly affects IPS values. In this regard, instead of the initial IPS values, it is customary to use the results of synthetic tests ( English benchmark ), for example SPECint or Dhrystone, to evaluate performance.
Derived units:
- 1 k IPS = 10 3 IPS ;
- 1 M IPS ( English million IPS ) or 1 M OPS ( English million operations per second , Russian IIPS [1] ) = 10 6 IPS ;
- 1 G IPS = 10 9 IPS .
Prior to the advent of generally accepted performance tests, average computer performance ratings were calculated based on a mixture of instructions. The most famous is the Gibson mixture [2] , obtained by Jack Gibson from IBM Corporation for scientific programs. For commercial programs, mixtures were developed that did not include floating point operations , for example, an ADP mixture. In the list [3] you can find performance estimates for approximately 175 computers of the 1960s - 1970s in scientific (Gibson) and commercial (ADP) problems.
Although MIPS could be a simple metric for comparing the performance of processors of the same architecture, their use for comparing different architectures is limited. Sometimes engineers call this unit Meaningless Indicator of Processor Speed (meaningless indicator of processor speed). [four]
In the 1970s, mini-computer performance was often compared in VAX MIPS units. The performance of different computers was compared with the VAX 11/780 machine, whose speed was taken as 1 MIPS . (This unit is sometimes called the VAX Unit of Performance or VUP .) This benchmark was chosen due to the fact that the 11/780 has a performance close to the IBM System / 370 mainframe model 158-3, which is also often taken as 1 MIPS.
Sometimes the performance of mini-computers was measured using a Fortran program called Whetstone benchmark . Its result was called Millions of Whetstone Instructions Per Second (MWIPS). For example, a VAX 11/780 FPA computer released in 1977 had a rating of 1.02 MWIPS.
| CPU / System | dhrystone MIPS / MHz | Cycles (per second) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNIVAC I | 0.002 MIPS / 2.25 MHz | 0.0008 | 1951 |
| Intel 4004 | 0.092 MIPS / 0.74 MHz | 0.124 | 1971 |
| Intel 8080 | 0.29 MIPS / 2 MHz | 0.145 | 1974 |
| Intel 8086 | 0.33 MIPS / 5 MHz | 0.066 | 1978 |
| Motorola 6809 | 0.42 MIPS / 1 MHz | 0.42 | 1977 |
| MOS Technology 6502 (NES) | 0.43 MIPS / 1 MHz | 0.43 | 1975 |
| Intel 8080A | 0.435 MIPS / 3 MHz | 0.145 | 1976 |
| Motorola 6802 | 0.5 MIPS at / 1 MHz | 0.5 | 1977 |
| Zilog Z80 (sega genesis) | 0.58 MIPS / 4 MHz | 0.145 | 1976 |
| IBM System / 370 158 | 0.64 MIPS /8.696 MHz | 0.0736 | 1972 |
| Intel 8088 | 0.75 MIPS / 10 MHz | 0.075 | 1979 |
| VAX-11/780 | 1 MIPS / 5 MHz | 0.2 | 1977 |
| Intel 286 | 1.28 MIPS at 12 MHz | 0.107 | 1982 |
| Motorola 68000 (sega genesis) | 1.4 MIPS at 8 MHz | 0.175 | 1979 |
| Intel i386DX | 2.15 MIPS at 16 MHz | 0.134 | 1985 |
| ARM2 | 4 MIPS at 8 MHz | 0.5 | 1986 |
| Intel i386DX | 4.3 MIPS at 33 MHz | 0.13 | 1989 |
| Texas Instruments TMS32010 | 5 MIPS at 20 MHz | 0.25 | 1983 |
| Intel 8751 | 8 MIPS at 8 MHz | one | 1985 |
| Intel i486DX | 8.7 MIPS at 25 MHz | 0.348 | 1989 |
| AMD Am386 | 9 MIPS at 40 MHz | 0.225 | 1991 |
| Intel i486DX | 11.1 MIPS at 33 MHz | 0.336 | 1991 |
| Intel i860 | 25 MIPS at 25 MHz | one | 1989 |
| Intel i486DX2 | 25.6 MIPS at 66 MHz | 0.388 | 1992 |
| ARM Cortex-M0 | 45 MIPS at 50 MHz | 0.9 | 2009 |
| Intel i860 | 50 MIPS at 50 MHz | one | 1991 |
| Intel DX4 | 70 MIPS at 100 MHz | 0.7 | 1994 |
| MIPS R4400 (1 core sgi crimson) | 120 MIPS at 150 MHz | 0.567 | 1993 |
| ARM Cortex-M3 | 125 MIPS at 100 MHz | 1.25 | 2004 |
| DEC Alpha 21064 EV4 | 135 MIPS at 200 MHz | 0.675 | 1993 |
| IBM-Motorola PowerPC 601 | 157.7 MIPS at 80 MHz | 1.971 | 1993 |
| Intel Pentium | 188 MIPS at 100 MHz | 1.88 | 1994 |
| IBM-Motorola PowerPC 603e | 188 MIPS at 133 MHz | 1.414 | 1995 |
| IBM-Motorola PowerPC 603ev | 423 MIPS at 300 MHz | 1.41 | 1996 |
| ARM Cortex-R4 | 450 MIPS at 270 MHz | 1.66 | 2006 |
| ARM11 | 515 MIPS at 412 MHz | 1.25 | 2002 |
| IBM-Motorola PowerPC 750 | 525 MIPS at 233 MHz | 2.3 | 1997 |
| Intel Pentium Pro | 541 MIPS at 200 MHz | 2.7 | 1996 |
| LINKS-1 Computer Graphics System (257 cores) | 642.5 MIPS at 10 MHz | 2.5 | 1982 |
| ARM Cortex A5 | 1,256 MIPS at 800 MHz | 1.57 | 2011 |
| ARM Cortex-A8 (iPhone 4) | 2,000 MIPS at 1.0 GHz | 2.0 | 2005 |
| Intel Pentium III | 2.054 MIPS at 600 MHz | 3.4 | 1999 |
| Qualcomm Scorpion (Cortex A8-like) | 2,100 MIPS at 1 GHz | 2.1 | 2008 |
| SGI Onyx RealityEngine 2 (36 cores) | 2.640 MIPS at 150 MHz | 17.6 | 1993 |
| ARM Cortex A7 | 2.850 MIPS at 1.5 GHz | 1.9 | 2011 |
| AMD Athlon | 3,561 MIPS at 1.2 GHz | 3.0 | 2000 |
| Intel Atom N270 (Single core) | 3.846 MIPS at 1.6 GHz | 2.4 | 2008 |
| Raspberry pi 2 | 4.744 MIPS at 1.0 GHz | 4.744 | 2014 |
| Engine (PS2) | 6,000 MIPS at 294 MHz | 20,408 | 2000 |
| ARM Cortex-A9 (Dual core) | 7,500 MIPS at 1.5 GHz | 5.0 | 2009 |
| AMD Athlon XP 2500+ | 7.527 MIPS at 1.83 GHz | 4.1 | 2003 |
| Pentium 4 Extreme Edition | 9.726 MIPS at 3.2 GHz | 3.0 | 2003 |
| AMD E-350 (Dual core) | 10,000 MIPS at 1.6 GHz | 6.25 | 2011 |
| PS3 Cell BE (PPE only) | 10,240 MIPS at 3.2 GHz | 3.2 | 2006 |
| Creative X-FI (EMU20K1) | 10,340 MIPS at 400 MHz | 25.82 | 2005 |
| Fujitsu-NAL Numerical Wind Tunnel (168 cores) | 10,718.4 MIPS at 105 MHz | 63.8 | 1993 |
| AMD Athlon FX-57 | 12,000 MIPS at 2.8 GHz | 4.3 | 2005 |
See also
- Bogomips
- FLOPS ( English floating-point operations per second )
- Cycles per instruction
- Million service units (MSU)
- Computer performance by orders of magnitude
- Performance per watt
- Performance tests
- Dhrystone MIPS (DMIPS 1984)
- SPECint by SPEC
- CoreMark (2009)
Notes
- ↑ S.I. Adyan. Mathematical Encyclopedic Dictionary . - Owls. Encycl., 1988-01-01. - 856 s.
- ↑ JC Gibson. The Gibson Mix // Technical Report. TR 00.2043. - Poughkeepsie, NY: IBM Systems Development Division, 1970.
- ↑ Computer Speeds From Instruction Mixes pre-1960 to 1971
- ↑ Ted MacNeil. Don't be Misled by MIPS . IBM magazine. Archived on August 17, 2012.