Content
- 1 Ancient world
- 1.1 Comparison Chart of Middle East Mass Units
- 2 Antiquity
- 2.1 Length measures
- 2.2 Area measures
- 2.3 Volume measures
- 2.3.1 Volume measures of bulk solids
- 2.3.2 Volume measures of liquid bodies
- 2.3.3 Volume measures for liquid and bulk solids
- 2.4 mass measures
- 2.4.1 Greece, the archaic period
- 2.4.2 Greece and Rome, the classical period
- 3 Ancient Egypt
- 3.1 Length measures
- 3.2 Weight Measures
- 4 Ancient Israel
- 4.1 Volume measures
- 4.2 Length measures
- 5 Babylon
- 5.1 Volume measures
- 5.2 Area measures
- 6 Persian
- 6.1 Length measures
- 7 See also
- 8 Notes
- 9 Literature
Ancient World
Middle East Mass Comparison Chart
| Mesopotamia ( Akkad , Sumer , Babylonia ), Akkadian language | Ancient Greece | Judea Hebrew | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Local name | Classic ratio | Local name | Classic ratio | Local name | Classic ratio |
| Biltu | 1 ⁄ 1 | Talent | 1 ⁄ 1 | Kikkar | 1 ⁄ 1 |
| Manu | 1 ⁄ 60 bilt | Mine | 1 ⁄ 60 talent | Mans | 1 ⁄ 60 ( 1 ⁄ 50 ) Kikkara |
| - | Half | 1 ⁄ 2 mines | Perez , Fares , Parsin | 1 ⁄ 2 mane | |
| Shiklu (Imklu) | 1 ⁄ 60 mana | Stater | 1 ⁄ 50 mines | Sickle | 1 ⁄ 50 ( 1 ⁄ 60 ) mane, 1 ⁄ 3000 kikkara |
| - | Drachma | 1 ⁄ 2 stater, 1 ⁄ 100 mines | Beck | 1 ⁄ 2 shekels | |
| Gira | 1 ⁄ 24 chicl | - | Hera | 1 ⁄ 20 shekels | |
| Sha | 1 ⁄ 180 chicl | - | - | ||
Antiquity
Length Measures
| Title-translation | Ancient Greece Ancient Rome | SI linear value (often approximate) | Other options linear values |
|---|---|---|---|
| "finger" |
|
|
|
| "1/12 of the whole" [2] |
|
|
|
| "palm" |
|
| |
| "foot" |
|
|
|
| "cubit" |
|
|
|
|
| ||
| "Double step" |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| ||
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
| ||
| "Day of the journey" |
|
| |
| A thousand steps |
|
|
Square measures
| Greece ( Attica ) | The Roman Empire | What was the measure based on? | Approximate value |
|---|---|---|---|
| iugerum | yuger | 2523.3 m² | |
| Greek πλέθρον | 10,000 square feet | 876 m² | |
| arura | Arura (50 square feet) | 43.8 m² |
Volume Measures
- Kotila - an antique unit of measurement of capacity, equal to 0.275 liters .
- Arbata - an antique unit of measurement of volume , equal to 55.08 liters.
- Metret is an antique unit of measure for capacity equal to 38.88 liters .
- Henik is an antique unit of measure for capacity, equal to 1.08 liters .
- Hus is an antique unit of measure for capacity equal to 3.24 liters .
Volume measures for bulk solids
| Greece ( Athens ) | The Roman Empire | What was the measure based on? | Approximate value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek μέδιμνος | medimn ( four ) - 48 kheniks, 192 cotyles | 52.53 L [2] | |
| lat modius | modium ( four ) | 8.74 L | |
| Greek χοῖνιξ | Henik - 4 Cauldron | 1.08 L |
Volume measures for liquid bodies
| Greece ( Athens ) | The Roman Empire | What was the measure based on? | Approximate value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greek μετρητής | metret , measurement - 12 hus, 144 | 39.46 L | |
| amphora | amphora (vessel) | 26.26 L | |
| urna | urn (water jug) | 13.1 L | |
| congius | congy (jug) | 3.28 L | |
| Greek χοῦς | house - 12 cauldron | 3.24 L |
Volume Measures for Liquid and Loose Bodies
| Greece ( Athens ) | The Roman Empire | What was the measure based on? | Approximate value |
|---|---|---|---|
| sextarius | Sextarius - 1/6 Congia | 0.55 L | |
| Greek κοτύλη | hemina | potila , pot - ½ sextaria | 0.27 L |
| triens | ⅓ sextaria | 0.18 L | |
| quartarius | quarter - ¼ sextaria | 0.14 L | |
| sextans | 1/6 sextaria | 0.09 L | |
| cyathus | kiaf , scoop | 0.045 L |
Mass Measures
Greece, the archaic period
| Athens | What was the measure based on? | Approximate value |
|---|---|---|
| Greek τάλαντον | talent | 36 000 g |
| Greek μνᾶ | mine | 600 g |
| Greek δραχμή | drachma | 6 g |
| Greek ὀβολός | obl | 1 g |
Greece and Rome, classic period
| Greece ( Athens ) | What was the measure based on? | Approximate value |
|---|---|---|
| Greek τάλαντον | talent | 26 196 g |
| Greek μνᾶ | mine | 436.6 g |
| Greek στατήρ | stater | 8.73 g |
| Greek δραχμή | drachma | 4.36 |
| Greek ὀβολός | obl | 0.73 |
| Greek χαλκός | hulk (piece of copper ) | 0.09 g |
Ancient Egypt
Length Measures
- 1 Parasang equals 1 1/9 Shema = 6.98 km
- 1 shem = 6.282 km
The Egyptian system (from the 5th to the 1st centuries inclusive BC):
- Atur ordinary = 3 miles = 5.235 km.
- King Atur = 1 1/2 parasangam = 10.47 km.
- Parasang = 1 1/9 Shema = 6.98 km.
- Shem = 1 1/5 of the atura of the ordinary = 6.282 km.
- Mile = 10 stages = 1,745 km.
- Stage = 3 1/3 hat = 174.5 m. (Also used stages = 209.4 m.)
- Hat (senus) = 25 orgies = 52.35 m.
- Kanna = 5 steps = 11 2/3 zerets = 4.07 m.
- Orgy = 1 1/3 xylon = 2.094 m.
- Xylon = 3 royal elbows = 1.57 m.
- Pitch = 2 1/3 zerets = 81.44 cm.
- Royal elbow = 1 1/6 of the small elbow = 1 1/5 of the pygon = 52.35 cm.
- Elbow small = 44.83 cm.
- Pygon = 1 1/4 grain = 43.625 cm.
- Zerets (ft) = 1 1/3 of Spitama = 2 Dikhasam = 34.9 cm.
- To sleeps = 1 1/2 dichasas = 26.175 cm.
- Dihas = 2 shespam = 17.45 cm.
- Shesp = 4 tebam = 8.725 cm.
- You (finger) = 2.18 cm.
Weight Measures
- 1 cantar = 139.78 kg.
- 1 kikkar = 42.5 kg.
- 1 oype = 4 hekats = 8.56 kg.
- 1 kedet = ⅓ ounces = 9.096 g.
Ancient Israel
Volume Measures
- 1 log = 1/4 kava = 0.54 l
- 1 baht = 72 logs = 38.9 l
- 1 cav = 4 logs = 1/6 cea = 2.16 l
- 1 cea = 6 cav = 12.6 l
- 1 core = 180 cav = 389 l
- 1 eif = 24,883 cm³
- 1 omer = 1/10 eifs
Length Measures
- 1 ECB (finger) = 2 cm
- 1 tefah (palm) = 4 etsba = 1/6 elbows = 8 cm
- 1 ama ( elbow ) = 6 tefah = 48 cm
- 1 grain = 1/2 ama = 24 cm
Babylon
Volume Measures
- 1 gur = 252.6 l
Ka is an ancient Babylonian unit for measuring the volume of liquids , equal to the volume of a cube whose rib length is the width of the palm. The weight of water with a volume of 1 ka is 1 big mine .
5 ka = 1 chiclu
100 ka = 1 name
300 ka = 1 gur
Square measures
- 1 iku = 3528 m²
Persian
Length Measures
- 1 Farce is equal to 5549 meters.
See also
- Russian system of measures
- English system of measures
- French system of measures
- Chinese system of measures
- Japanese system of measures
- Units
- Historical metrology
- List of Ancient Roman Units
- Inca system of counts, measures and weights
- Bible currency
Notes
- ↑ Chudinov A.N. “Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language” // Digit . - 2nd edition. - SPb. : Publishing house of V.I. Gubinsky, 1894 . - 992 s.
- ↑ 1 2 Mensura // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 858-859.
Literature
- Gyllenbok J. Encyclopaedia of Historical Metrology, Weights, and Measures. Springer International Publishing, 2018.T. 1 ISBN 3319575988 , 9783319575988
- Hultsch F. Griechische und Römische Metrologie. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1882 [1]
- Mensura // The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities / ed. F. Lubker ; Edited by members of the Society of Classical Philology and Pedagogy F. Gelbke , L. Georgievsky , F. Zelinsky , V. Kansky , M. Kutorgi and P. Nikitin . - SPb. , 1885. - S. 858-859.
- Measures and weight // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron . - SPb. , 1908-1913.
- Measures // Antiquity Dictionary = Lexikon Der Antike . - M .: Vneshsigma joint venture, 1992. - S. 346. - ISBN 5-86290-008-X .
- M.I. Gram. An entertaining encyclopedia of measures, units and money. - Chelyabinsk : "Ural L.T.D.", 2000. - ISBN 5-8029-0098-9 .
- Belobrov V.A. Metrology of Ancient Mesopotamia.
- Belobrov V.A. Byzantine system of measures of length.
- Belobrov V.A. Metrology Aryan countries.
- Belobrov V. A. Was the Earth flat?