Origin of the Armenian Nobility
The history of the Armenian nobility is rooted in the tribal formation, when the Proto-Armenian tribes, separated from the ancient Aryan community, isolated from their midst the leaders to control their society, protect the territory and military campaigns. Such leaders usually became the best representatives of clans and tribes. The aristocratic class of the Armenian society was called “azat” [1] , also referred to as “aznvakan” or “aznavour” (which means “noble, of noble origin”) [2] .
Translated from modern Armenian, the word “azat” literally means “free”, but the term seems to have a more ancient meaning and probably dates back to Aryan yazata (“divine”, “of divine origin”, “worthy of worship”) . Many aristocratic clans , erected their origin, either to the deities of Armenian paganism, or to the heroes-patriarchs of the Armenian people. For example, the princely clans Vaevuni and Mekhnuni were descended respectively from Vahagn and Mihr, the deities of fire, war and heavenly light, and justice. Rod Artsruni considered his ancestor Sanasar, the father of the epic Mger of Sasna Tsrer, that is, the same ancient Armenian deity Mihr. A whole pleiad of aristocratic families of Armenia considered its common direct ancestor Hayk Nahapet , the patriarch-founder of the Armenian people, whose epithet was “Dutzaz”, that is, “descended from ditsov”, “scion of deities”. According to tradition, princely families of Horhorun, Bznuni, Mandakuni, Manavazian, Angehea (Angegh tun), Varazhnuni, Vostanikian (Ostanikian), Apahuni, Arran tun and others descended from the forefather Hayk and his descendants
At different times, different numbers of Armenian aristocratic families are mentioned. Sometimes we are talking about ninety births, sometimes their number reaches three hundred. Over time, the number of actual aristocratic families changed.
The Armenian aristocracy, as a special social institution, may have emerged by the time of the decline of the state of Urartu . The births of Rshtuni, Mocats, Artsruni and some others could have originated from the names of the tribal leaders back in the Urartu time. Other clans - say, Mamikonyan, Aravelyan - were raised to the nobility by special decrees of the Armenian kings for certain services to the court or to Armenia . Although the majority of the Armenian aristocracy consisted of the proper Armenian surnames, however, historical chronicles indicate a significant foreign infusion into the nobility.
Overwhelmingly foreign births were of Aryan ( Indo-European ) origin; these were mainly Iranians, Alans, Greeks and Romans. The Iranian aristocratic element was particularly significant; many Armenian noble families either were associated with aristocratic families of Iran , or were of Iranian (Persian, Parthian, etc.) origin. The latter belonged to the famous genera Arshakuni , Artashesian , Pahlavuni and others. Examples of clans that were not of Armenian, but of Aryan origin are Aravelian ( Alans ) and Ropsian ( Romans ). The non-Aryan element has never been significant in the Armenian nobility environment and most often has a later origin. For example, the Mamikonians are descended from a native of Manchuria, Mamgona, who for his services received a noble title from one of the Armenian kings. Some Christian historians tend to raise part of the Armenian aristocratic families to Middle Eastern roots. For example, Movses Khorenatsi in his “History of Armenia” elevates the genealogy of his philanthropist, Prince Bagratuni , to non-Armenian Middle Eastern roots. However, the data of historiography indicate the existence of the Bagratuni clan since ancient times, and we are talking about the indigenous people of Armenia. Linguistic analysis also confirms that the name Bagarat most likely has an Aryan origin: from bhag = god and arat = abundant, literally “god-like”. It is curious that Prince Bagratuni himself rejected the version of Khorenatsi.
Institutions and composition of the Armenian nobility
Armenian aristocracy has always been an important part of Armenian society. Among other things, this is evidenced by the semantic evolution of the term "naharar" ( naharar ). Initially, this term was used to refer to the hereditary rulers of a region, but precisely in the sense of “ruler”, “head of the region”. The same title could also mean a particularly honorable service (nakhararstvo) at the royal court. Examples of such hereditary services-nahararstv were aspetyutyun ( wreath laying , traditionally owned by the Bagratuni family), sparapetutyun (high command of the Armenian army, traditionally belonging to the Mamikonyan family), azarapetutyun (financial and tax services of the courtyard, the prerogative of Gnuni and Gatni Amatuni ); , prerogative of the genus Horhoruni ). However, during the hereditary consolidation of the Havars or certain court services for one or another noble family, the term “Nakharar” changed its original meaning and began to designate “aristocrat”, “nobleman”. Accordingly, the aristocratic families began to be called "Nakharar clans" or "nahararstvami". Along with this version, there is another version of the interpretation of the term naharar, based on the meanings of the words “nah” and “arar”, that is, “first-created”, “first-born”.
Semantic evolution of the term "Nakharar" occurred in parallel with the hereditary consolidation of the births of Gavars of Great Armenia . For example, Gavar Velikiy Albak was traditionally a hereditary fiefdom of the Nakharar ark of Artsruni , Gavar Taron - a fiefdom of the Slkuni clan, a gavar of Rshtunik - respectively, a fiefdom of the Rshtuni etc. tribal beliefs and totems of the Armenian clans . Although the data on Armenian heraldry is very scarce, it is reliably known that the most common symbols were the eagle , the lion and the mountain sheep . Thus, the eagles and the symbol of the sun were depicted on the coat of arms of the Artashesian dynasty . The eagle holding a sheep in its claws was the symbol of the Nakharars of Bagratuni . The dynastic coat of arms of the Cilician royal house of Lusinyans (Lusignans) reflected the Western European heraldic influence and consisted of red lions and crosses on a yellow-blue background of a shield.
Nakharar surnames of ancient Armenia were recorded in the so-called “Gakhnamaki” and “Zoranamaki” - official letters that listed the genera depending on the criteria of honor and importance. The difference between "Gakhnamak" and "Zoranamak" was in the criteria by which the degree of honor of one kind or another was established. "Zoranamak" was based on a purely military power of one kind or another - the number of cavalry and foot troops, the responsibility to protect the northern, eastern, southern or western borders of Armenia, as well as the amount of military force that a certain kind provided to the king of Great Armenia in the case of military action. Unlike Zoranamak, Gakhnamak was compiled on the basis of the political and economic importance of the clans: the vastness of their possessions, wealth, connections and influence on the royal court, etc.
Two other notions of the Armenian aristocracy — bardz (bardz) and pativ (patiw) —are associated with Gakhnamak and Zoranamak. "Bardz" literally means "pillow"; this is the place that the leader of the family occupied at the royal table, whether during the council or during the festivities. During the feast the ancestors sat on special pillows - hence the name. "Bardzy" (places at the table, but in fact the corresponding position of the nobility at the royal court) were distributed depending on the "potiva", that is, "dignity", "honor", "honor" of the family. The latter, apparently, was fixed in “Gakhnamak” and “Zoranamak”.
The estate of Azatov- Nakharar had division within the head. At the head of the noble pyramid was the king - the arch (arqa). The word arqa itself comes from a common Aryan root, preserved in the counterparts of rulers in other Indo-European languages: arxatos (Greek), rex (Latin), raja (Indo-Aryan.), Roi (French).
The sons of the king, that is, the princes, were called sepuhs (sepuh). A special role was occupied by the senior crown prince, who was called awag sepuh (awag sepuh). In the case of the death of the king and in the absence of any special reservations regarding the succession to the throne, it was Avag the Sepuh who automatically inherited the father’s throne.
The second in importance after the king were bdeshi . Bdeshkh (bdeshx) is the ruler of a large border region of Greater Armenia. The Bdeshhs were essentially the sovereign rulers of the border areas, the vice kings (- kings ), and by their privileges only slightly inferior to the king of the country. They had their own yard, army, levied taxes and duties, and even had the right to mint a coin.
At the third stage of the aristocratic class after the king and the Bdeschus were the princes themselves. The prince (ishxan) had his fiefdom (hayreniq) and residence (dastakert). At the head of the princely family (clan) stood a tanuter . The word “ clan ” or “ clan ” was transmitted by different but close in meaning words - tohm and tun. Accordingly, the tanouter meant "the head of the clan," "the head of the clan," the "patriarch".
At the head of the entire aristocratic class stood the Grand Duke - metz ishxan or ishxanac ishxan, also called in some sources metsamets (metzametz). He was considered the leader of the nobility and had special privileges and duties. For example, in the event of the death of the king and the absence of the heirs of the sepuhs, the grand duke had to temporarily fulfill the duties of the king until the issues of succession were resolved. However, in reality, the issues of succession were decided in advance or through internecine wars.
Thus, the pyramid of the nobility of Great Armenia looked like this:
- Arqa
- Bdeshx
- Ishxan
It, however, reflects the tradition of Greater Armenia , and then in the early period of its history. Of course, over time, the structure of the nobility changed, reflecting the characteristics of a particular Armenian territory, the historical stage in the development or the specifics of social relations. For example, in the Middle Ages, the names and composition of the nobility in Cilicia Armenia underwent some changes.
Great Armenia
- Arqa
- Bdeshx
- Ishxanac Ishxan (or Metz Ishxan)
- Ishxan
Cilician Armenia
- Thagawor or Inqnakal
- Bdeshx
- Paronac Paron (or Metz Paron)
- Paron
In Cilicia Armenia, subtleties of noble class inherited from Europe also appeared, such as “paron” (baron), “ter” or “signor” (senor), “berdater” (ruler of fortresses), etc. Knights also appeared in Cilicia, which were also counted among the nobility. The knights themselves - dziawor and hetzelwor - most often, though not always, came from parons.
Some external attributes also changed, say, if in Great Armenia when referring to a nobleman, it was customary to use the words tiar or ter, then in Cilicia Armenia, along with these, they also used the word paron ( modern Armenian "mister").
In the late medieval Armenia and in the new time, various divisions and titles for the nobility were used in the various Nahan provinces of the country. For example, in Artsakh of the period of Hamsa (“Pentateuch”) the title “Ishkhan” corresponded to “ melik ”. Below the meliks (although sometimes alternately with him) the title was used: arjurapet or yuzbashi (literally, “centurion”). And with the entry of eastern Armenia ( Karabakh , Erivan and Kars regions) into the Russian Empire among the Armenian nobility, titles, customs and social institutions of the Russian nobility are spread.
List of late-antiquity Armenian princely dynasties
Here is a (possibly incomplete ) list of Armenian noble families of the Arshakids epoch. In bold type, the genera bearing the title of king (before the creation or after the fall of the kingdom of Arshakids) are highlighted. The list is based on Zoranamak .
| Genus name | Origin according to Kirill Tumanov | Origin according to Movses Khorenatsi | Count cavalry in the royal army [3] | title / title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abelian | Camsarakan [4] | from a certain Abel [5] | 300 | naharar |
| Abrahamyan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Avatsatsi | - | - | 200 | naharar |
| Aizenakan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Akatsatsi | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Akeatsi | - | local [6] | 300 | naharar |
| Aldzneiatsi | - | Assyrian, from Senekerim [7] | 4,000 | bdeshh |
| Amascuni | - | - | 200 | naharar |
| Amatuni | Median or Mannite [8] | Mannite- Jewish [9] | 200 | naharar |
| Angles | - | from Haikid Tork Angel [10] | 3400 | Bdesh , the keeper of the king tombs and treasures [11] |
| Andzevatsi | Carduhi –Midian [12] | local [6] | 500 | naharar |
| Apahuni | Urartian [13] | Haykids [14] | 1000 | naharar |
| Aravelyan | Alan [15] | Alan, from Queen Satenik [16] | 500 | naharar |
| Artashesyan | - | Parthian , Arshakids , from Artashes, grandson of Parthian Valarshak | 300 | naharar |
| Aravenyan | Yervandy [15] | from Haikida Vahagna [17] | 300 | naharar |
| Artsruni | Yervandy [18] | Assyrian , from Seneherim [19] | 1000 | naharar |
| Arshakuni | Parthian , Arshakids | - | 40,000 | king |
| Aschshnyan | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Ashotsyans | Parthia , Mihranidy [20] | from Haikid Gushar [21] | 500 | naharar |
| Ashhadaryan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Bagratuni | Yervandy [22] | Judaic, from Prince Shambat [23] | 1500 | aspnet crowning the king |
| Bohuni | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Bachan | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Basenatsi | Urartian [24] | - | 600 | naharar |
| Bznuni | Urartu [25] , from Prince Bias [26] | from Haykida Base [27] | 3000 | naharar |
| Bochaieti | - | - | 300 | naharar |
| Bujuni | - | - | 200 | naharar |
| Vanandatsi | - | from Bulgar Vlndur Vund [28] | 1000 | naharar |
| Vaheuni | Yervandy [29] | from Haikida Vahagna [17] | 1000 | naharar |
| Varazhnuni | - | from Haykida Varazh, a descendant of Gelama [30] | 300 | naharar |
| Varazartikyan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Vardzaruni | - | - | 200 | naharar |
| Varzhnunyan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Varnuni | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Viganuni | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Gabelyan | Camsarakan [4] | from a certain Gabala [5] | 300 | governor royal storages [5] |
| Gardmantsy | - | from Haikida Arana [31] | 1000 | naharar |
| Gazrikyan | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Gzchuni | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Gntuni | Canaan [32] | Canaan [33] | 300 | governor royal dressing room [32] [33] |
| Gnuni | Yervandy [34] | Assyrian, from Seneherim [19] | 500 | senekal , senior butler [35] , cellar manager [36] |
| Goltnetsy | Bagratuni [37] | from Haikida Sisak [38] | 500 | naharar |
| Gugaratsi | - | from Mithrdath of Kyos [39] | 4500 | bdeshh |
| Gukan | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Dimaksyan | - | a certain Nerses, son of Hisaka [40] | 300 | naharar |
| Junakan | Camsarakan [41] | - | 300 | summer manager palaces of the king [41] [42] |
| Entsayatsi (Entsaki) | Mardpetakan [43] | - | 4,000 | naharar |
| Yeruanduni | Yervandy [44] | - | 300 | naharar |
| Zandalan | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Zarehavanyan | Yervanduni-Artsruni [45] | from Haykida Zareh, a descendant of Vahagn [46] | 300 | naharar |
| Kajberuni | Cascay [47] | - | 100 | naharar |
| Kadmyana | - | from Haykida Kadmosa [48] [49] | 13200 | naharar |
| Kamsarakan | Karin-Pahlevida [50] | Karin-Pahlevida [51] | 600 | naharar |
| Caspetsi | - | - | 3000 | naharar |
| Kichan | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Cordwazi | - | local [6] | 1000 | naharar |
| Kchruni | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Mazazatsi | - | - | 500 | naharar |
| Mamikonyan | local, thai [52] | Chinese [53] | 1000 | sparapet , supreme commander in chief |
| Manaouazian | Urartu [54] , from Tsar Menuua [26] | from Haikid Manauza [27] | 1000 | naharar |
| Mandakuni | Mannite, Manda people [55] | from a certain brave man Miandaka [56] | 300 | naharar |
| Mardpetak | Midian-Mannite [57] | Haykids [58] | - | manager royal court [57] |
| Mehnuni | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Mokats | - | local [6] | 1000 | naharar |
| Muratsan | - | Median, from Azhdahaka [59] | 300 | naharar |
| Vorduni | Urartian [24] | from Haykida Base [27] | 700 | naharar |
| Paluni | - | - | 300 | naharar |
| Parspatuni | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Rshtuni | Urartu, from King Rush [60] | from Haikida Sisak [38] | 1000 | naharar |
| Ropsian | Armenian Roman [61] | Armenian-Roman [62] | 100 | naharar |
| Saaruni | - | - | 300 | naharar |
| Sagratuni | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Soda | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Suny (Sissakian) | - | from Haikida Sisak [63] | 19400 | naharar |
| Sluni | Mannite, the people of Sala [64] | from a certain brave Slak [56] | 300 | naharar |
| Spanduni | Kamsarakan [65] | - | 300 | slaughter house manager [42] |
| Taigryan | - | - | 50 | naharar |
| Tambaratsi | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Trpatuni | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Trooney | - | from a certain Tour [66] | 300 | naharar |
| Utiazi | - | from Haikida Arana [31] | 1000 | naharar |
| Khabuzyan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Havnuni | Camsarakan [67] | - | 300 | hunting manager and birds of prey [42] |
| Hamastunyan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Horhoruni | Hurrian [68] | from Haikida Chora [69] | 1000 | Malkhaz , head of security king [68] |
| Cavdeytsy | - | from Haikida Arana [31] | 1000 | naharar |
| Tsokhepan | - | - | 100 | naharar |
| Tsopatsi | - | - | 1000 | bdeshh |
The current state of the Armenian nobility
The history of the Armenian nobility, like the history of the Armenian people, is full of drama. Sometimes, during civil wars, entire genera were exterminated. Many aristocratic families died during wars with foreign invaders - Arabs and Turks. The latter, realizing that the Armenian state rests on the aristocracy, led an active policy to destroy the Armenian nobility. Thus, in 705, the Arabic Ostikan (governor) of Armenia deceitfully invited about eight hundred Armenian noble families to Nakhichevan, together with the accompanying guards, allegedly for negotiations and destroyed all. Despite this, some noble families survived this tragedy and continued to exist. Some descendants of the Armenian nobility achieved high ranks in foreign royal courts. So the descendants of the Armenian Artsruni became influential grandees at the Georgian court, and the Georgian branch of the Armenian nagarars Bagratuni ascended the throne and became the ruling house in Georgia (see Bagration ). A whole pleiad of Armenians by descent hereditarily ruled the Byzantine throne (see Macedonian dynasty and Comneni ). As a result of dynastic marriages, the descendants of the Armenian royal family Lusinyans ( Lusignan ), who ruled in Cilicia and Cyprus , merged with representatives of the Western European royal dynasty Savoy ( Savoie ), which ruled in Italy . Other descendants of the Nakharar races gave rise to medieval Armenian noble dynasties such as Zakarian , Proshyan , Kyurikyan , Orbelian , Artsruni- Makhkanaberd, Tornikyans and others. The latter played a significant role in the liberation struggle of the Armenian people and in preserving the Armenian statehood.
The princes of Zakarian , Zakare and Ivane, especially distinguished themselves in the XIII century, whose military-political significance and influence were so great that they were in fact the sovereign rulers of Armenia. Perhaps the last bits of the Armenian statehood were preserved by the semi-dependent princes-meliks of Artsakh , known as the melikdoms of Hamsa (from the Arabic “five principalities”), right up to the entry of eastern Armenia into the Russian Empire. The Russian emperors recognized the titles of the Armenian aristocrats, or they themselves erected prominent figures of Armenian origin to the nobility dignity, while actively using the potential of the Armenian nobility. During this period, the noble families of the Madatyanovs (Madatovs), Lazaryans ( Lazarevs ), Beibutovs ( Bebutovs ), Pirmyanovs (Pirumovs), Loris-Melikovs and others.
The aristocratic tradition in Armenia underwent a new blow during the Soviet era, when the Armenian nobility was abolished as a class and subjected to systematic persecution. Many representatives of the nobility were repressed, exiled to colonies and labor camps, or completely shot. Others were forced to hide their noble origins, changing their names and hiding their ancestry. Only a few managed to preserve their family tradition, having moved outside of Armenia.
With the restoration of independence of Armenia, important steps were taken to revive the traditions of the Armenian aristocracy. In October 1992, the Union of Armenian Nobles was created in Armenia, which is registered with the Ministry of Justice of Armenia as a public non-governmental organization. The Union is headed by the Leader of the Armenian nobility, Grand Duke, doctor of technical sciences, academician Gevorg Pirumyan.
The union has about 400 descendants and representatives of the nobility of Armenia. Members of the Union can become representatives of ancient and new Armenian aristocratic dynasties and clans, as well as carriers of foreign noble titles living in the Republic of Armenia and beyond its borders, regardless of their political and religious views, age or gender.
The main goals of the Union of Armenian Nobles are:
- The revival of the Armenian nobility and its former role and importance in the life of society and the state;
- Revival of the best traditions of the Armenian nobility and restoration of the principles of honor, dignity, morals and ethics of the nobility;
- Restoration of heraldry of aristocratic dynasties and their genealogy;
- Collection and scientific research of archival materials, the study of the history of the Armenian nobility and individual dynasties;
- Presentation of the history of the Armenian nobility and aristocratic dynasties, families and ancestors to the general public through mass media and public lectures.
Armenian noble titles and positions
| Title or Title | Function |
|---|---|
| Sparapet | Army |
| Azarapet | Economy |
| Tagadir | Crowning king |
| Krmapetg .) | Pagan religion |
| Senekapet | Office |
| Mardapet | Building structure |
| Malkhaz | Security |
| Nerkini (eunuch) | Service |
| Slaughterhouse manager | Meat slaughterhouse |
| Summer eunuch | Summer service |
| Senecal | Senior servant |
| The governor of the royal cellar | Royal Cellar |
| The manager of the royal vaults | Tsarist vaults |
| Head of the royal hunt | Hunting |
| Keeper of royal tombs and treasures | hidden treasures |
| The manager of the royal dressing room | Wardrobe |
| Bdeshh | Border area |
| Arch, Tagavor | State |
| Cartuhar | Diplomacy |
| Maxapet | Customs |
| Arcaneri Arch , Metz Arch | State during a strong political influence |
| Ishkhan , Melik , Bek | Management of a petty or dependent state |
| Aspert | War |
| Tanouter | Dynasty management |
| Aznavour , Azat , Aznvakan | To be free |
| Berdater | Fortress Management |
| Paron | To be honored |
| Catholicos | Office of the Abacus |
| Naharar | Take a high post |
References
- Grand Prince Gevorg Pirumyan. Union of Armenian Nobles. Interview "Vasn Ayutyan", № 2, 2003.
- Alexey G. Sukiasyan. History of the Cilician Armenian State and Law (XI-XIV centuries). Yerevan, "Mitk", 1969.
- Movses Khorenatsi. History of Armenia. Yerevan, “Hayastan”, 1990.
- Hovhannes Draskhanakertzi. History of Armenia. Yerevan, “Sovetakan Grokh”, 1984.
- Rafael Matevosyan. To the question of the origin of the Bagratids. “Armenian Herald”, № 1-2, 2001.
- Raffi Melikstva Hamsa. Yerevan, "Nairi", 1991.
- Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan, “Haykakan Anragitaran”, 1977-1979.
- Robert Bedrosian. The Turco-Mongol Invasions and the Lords of Armenia in the 13-14th Centuries. New York, Columbia University, 1979.
- Rafael Abrahamyan Armenian chivalry (IV — VI centuries). Armenian Herald, No. 1-2, 1999.
- Romain Ter-Ghazaryan. Armenians on the Byzantine throne. Electronic edition www.armenia.ru, 2003.
- Alexander Petrosov. Lions, the crown and today. "Noah's Ark", No. 7 (65) August 2003.
Links
Notes
- ↑ Vrezh Atabekyan. ARMENIAN NOBILITY: TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARY . Union of Armenian Nobles (2004). The appeal date is September 5, 2010. Archived on February 5, 2012.
Azat - (azat, literally - "free", originally, apparently, "divine" from the Aryan yazata) Nobleman, aristocrat. The term dates back to the Aryan yazata, which literally means "divine", "having a divine origin", "worthy of worship." Sometimes (in the later history of Armenia), the Azats were understood as petty nobility, in contrast to the Nakharars, representatives of grand-ducal families. See also aznavour.
- ↑ Vrezh Atabekyan. ARMENIAN NOBILITY: TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARY . Union of Armenian Nobles (2004). The appeal date is September 5, 2010. Archived on February 5, 2012.
Aznavour - (aznawowr) One of the designations of a nobleman, an aristocrat. This Armenian term was later translated into Georgian as “Aznauri”, which also meant a nobleman.
- ↑ all numbers are given according to Zoranamak.
- 2 1 2 Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 220
The Princes Gabelean were sovereign of Araxes, across the river from Abeleans, they were frequently mentioned in the monuments. Like the Abeleans, they are a junior branch of the House of Kamsarakan.
- 2 1 2 3 http://www.vehi.net/istoriya/armenia/khorenaci/02.html Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. 7]
Above the vaults (appointed) by someone named Gabal, in charge of servicing and the thrones - Abel; the king favors their villages, which are named after them, as are the nahararstva - Abeleank and Habeleank.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. eight
Having noticed (some) moktsa, a husband from the corresponding region (Mokk), the leader of the crowd erected by swords, he establishes nahararstvo there. The same (refers to the genera) Kordvatsi, Andzevatsi and Akeatsi.
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 1, ch. 23
We had forgotten about Senekarim, for about eighty years before the reign of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Assyria was Senekerim, who besieged Jerusalem in the days of the Jewish leader Ezekiah. He was killed by his sons Adramelekom and Sanasar, who fled with us. One of them, our brave ancestor Skyordi, settled in the south-west of our country, near the borders of the same Assyria; it was Sanasar. His offspring grew and multiplied and filled the mountain, called Shem. Subsequently, the outstanding and most important of them, having shown loyalty in the service of our kings, were honored to receive the dignity of these lands.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 197
The Princes Amatuni were a Caspio-Median, or Mannaean, the city of Shawarshan (later Maku, in northeastern Vaspurakan), which was ruled by the lakes of the city of Aragatsotn, Ayrarat, centered in the castle of Oshakan. They were variously attributed to a Hebrew descent.
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. 57
In his days, it is said, the genus Amatuni arrived from the eastern edges of the Aryan country. Initially, they are Jews - they are descended from a certain Manuka, who had a son of tremendous growth and strength, named by Samson, according to the custom of the Jews, to appropriate the names of ancestors in the hope (of similarity to them). Indeed, even now one can observe this among the descendants of Amatuni, people of stately, noble and strong and in all respects worthy. They were led away by Arshak, the first Parthian king, and succeeded there in the Aryan country, attaining high honors in the land of Ahmatan . Part of the Persians calls them Manuean, by the name of the ancestor.
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. eight
Husband with a grim face and tall, rough build, with a flattened nose and a fierce gaze deep-set eyes, a descendant of Hayk Paskam's grandson named Tork, nicknamed Angela because of the extremely ugly appearance, a mighty giant, he appoints the governor of the western edge. By the ugliness of the face, he and his kind names Angeltun.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 167
He was a king, he was a girl, he was a see, he was a glom, he was seemingly hitting the bottom of the Carpathians, of Sophenian kingdom. Orontid - kings.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 198
It was taken for a trip to the city of Kangvar, where it was a southeast of the Ake
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 199
The Princes Apahuni was north of the Arsanias, North of the Van, which was later Turuberan. Historical tradition asserts of their own, and of the Orduni, which is probably royal - Urartian origin.
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. eight
After that, Valarshak asserts the Tsopk nakhararist in the so-called Fourth Armenia, as well as the Apahuni, Manavazean and Bznakanan naharariks, from the clans of the corresponding descendants of Hayk.
- 2 1 2 Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 199
The Princes Arawelean or Aruelean and the Princes Arawenean is traditionally descended from the Kings of Alania (Ossetia) and the latter being, together with the Zarebawanids, a - traditionally Haykid - line of the Orontids.
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. 58
In his days, also the Arabeleans, the Alanian tribe, the relatives of the Satik, who arrived with her, were raised to the (separate) clan and to the nakhararstvo of the Armenian country, as relatives of the great queen.
- ↑ 1 2 http://www.vehi.net/istoriya/armenia/khorenaci/01.html Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 1, ch. 31]
Further in the song it was said that Vahagn fought with the dragons and defeated them and attributed some feats to him, very similar to Hercules. His descendants are Vahuni, (descendants) of his younger son Aravan - Araveneans.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 199
The Princes Artsruni formed a line of the Orontid Dynasty which was settled on the Median border.
- ↑ 1 2 Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. 7
Both of these houses - Artsruni and Gnuni - are descended from Senekerim's offspring.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, pp. 185-192
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 2, ch. eight
But Valarshak also approved the principality of Ashotsk and the possession of Tashirk for the offspring of Gushar Khaykid.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 199
The Princes Bagratuni (the Bagratids) were a separate line of the Orontids.
- ↑ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia", book. 1, ch. 22
And he is said to have asked Nebuchadnezzar for one of the captured Jewish leaders, named Shambat, led him and put him in our country, with great honors. The chronicler claims that the Bagratuni clan originates from him, and this is true.
- 2 1 2 Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, pp. 218-219
The Princes Orduni or Uorduni were sovereign at Uordoru in Phasiane, in the upper valley of the Araxes, in Ayrarat. They were traditionally ascribed to the Urartian dynasties. It’s sometime between 337 and 342 that you need to have.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 216
The Princes Bznuni were the dynasts of the homonymous land on the north shore of lake Van to whom the historical tradition ascribes the Haykid origin in common with the Houses of Apahuni, Manawazean, and Orduni, which in this case signifies Urartian - probably royal - origin.
- ↑ 1 2 [1] Robert H. Hewsen , "The Primary History of Armenia": An Examination of the Validity of an Immemorially: History in Africa,Vol. 2, 1975, p. 93
Moses makes Manavaz the younger son of Armenak and a brother of Armais, but he is almost certainly an historical memory of the Urartian ruler Menuas (ca. 810-ca. 786 BC). Baz, the son of Manavaz, can be recognized in the Urartian prince Bias, a contemporary of Argisti cited in a Urartian inscription.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 1, гл. 12
Из них Манаваз наследует Харк, а сын его Баз — северо-западное побережье соленого озера и нарекает по своему имени как область, так и озеро. Говорят, что от них произошли родовладычества, именуемые Манавазеан, Бзнуни и Ордуни.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 6
Затем, отправив и западных жителей, он спускается к зеленым лугам близ удела Шара, которые древние именовали Безлесным или Верхним Басеаном, а впоследствии из-за колонистов булгара Влндура Вунда, поселившихся там, были названы по его имени Ванандом.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 215
The Princes Vahewuni or Vahuni were traditionally descended from the Haykid Vahagn, the Heracles of Armenian paganism, and reigned as High Priests of pre-Christian Armenia. Their connection with the Orontid temple of the Sun and of the Moon at Armawir and the origin in common with the Araweneans and the Zarehawanids, remembered in the historical tradition, must indicate their Orontid origin.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 1, гл. 12
Впоследствии, во времена Арташеса, внука Валаршака, жил один из потомков Гелама, юноша по имени Вараж удачливый в охоте на оленей, серн и кабанов, метко попадавший в цель. Арташес назначает его начальником царской охоты и отводит ему селения у берегов реки, именуемой Храздан . Говорят, что дом Варажнуни происходит от него.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. eight
И вот, один из его потомков, упомянутый именитый и доблестный Аран, и был назначен парфянином Валаршаком наместником-десятитысячником. Говорят, что племя утийцев и княжества гардманцев, цавдейцев и гаргарцев происходят от его отпрысков.
- ↑ 1 2 Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, pp. 204-205
The Princes Gnt'uni, traditionally ascribed a Canaanite origin and the office of Master of the Wardrobe of Great Armenia, were sovereign in Nig (Abaran), in the Kazal valley, in Ayrarat, which they received from King Tiridates II (217-252), as is attested by a contemporary inscription.
- ↑ 1 2 Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 7
Одевающим себя (он назначает) Дзереса, потомка хананейцев, и род его, не ведаю по какой причине, наименовывает Гнтуни.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 205
The Princes Gnuni were a branch of the same Orontid line as the Artsrunis and claimed, like them, the descent from Sennacherib of Assyria
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 205
They were enfeoffed, moreover, succeeding in this the House of Anzitene after 363, with the office of Seneschal (and perhaps also that of Great Butler) of Armenia.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 7
(Имя рода) Гнуни я мыслю как «гини уни», ибо он изготовлял напитки, предназначенные для царя. Интересно, что (название) дела мужа совпадало с его именем, ибо, будучи приготовителем царских напитков из отборных и вкусных вин, он в то же время носил имя Гин. Говорят, Валаршак немало потешался над этим и определил его род в число нахарарских.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, pp. 203-204
The Princes of Colthene, on the Siunian border of Vaspurakan, on the left bank of the Araxes, were traditionally ascribed a descent from the - Haykid - House of Siunia. Actually, however, they appear to have been a Bagratid branch.
- ↑ 1 2 Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. eight
Что до родов Рштуни и Голтнеци, то по найденным мной сведениям они действительно ответвились от Сисакова племени.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. eight
Наместничество северного края, расположенного против горы Кавказа, он поручает великому и могучему роду и присваивает его родовладычеству титул бдеашха Гугаркского. Этот род происходит от Михрдата, нахарара Дария.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 47
Что до Нерсеса, сына Гисака, сына его кормилицы, то, учредив для него (нахарарский) род, он присваивает ему, по подвигу отца, имя Димаксеан, ибо, как мы уже говорили, тому мечом снесли половину лица, когда он защищал Арташеса.
- ↑ 1 2 Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 220
The Princes Dziunakan, ruling a State in Ayrarat and invested according to tradition with the office of Master of the Summer Palaces of Great Armenia, are presumable Kamsarakan cadets.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 7
Скажу, что Спандуни (были назначены) над бойнями, Хавнуни же — сокольничими и ловцами соколов, ибо жили в лесах. И да не сочтешь болтовней, что Дзюнаканы были сторожами летних резиденций и поставщиками снега, а затем в качестве царской челяди были переведены в сословие азатов.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 220
The Princes Entsayatsi reigned in Entsayats'- or Andzahi-dzor, with the Castle of Kotor, in Vaspurakan, which appears to have been an appanage of the Mardpets, and so they may have been a cadet branch of the House of Mardpetakan.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 204
Тhe Princes Eruanduni were, as their dynastic patronymic asserts, Orontids, with the State, which derived its name from them, situated east of Van and north of Andzewats'ik.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 219
The Princes of Zarewand (Zarehawan) belonged to the same Orontid, traditionally Haykid, line as the Princes Arawenean and Vahewuni, though they may also have been a subdivision of the Artsrunis [
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 1, гл. 31
Далее в песне сказывалось, что Вахагн сражался с драконами и победил их и приписывались ему некоторые подвиги, очень похожие на Геракловы. От него (родился) Араван, от того — Нерсех, от того — Зарех. От потомков последнего и происходят роды, называемые Зарехаванеан.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 206
The Princes K'ajberuni were dynasts of the territorialized remnant of the Kashka people in western Armenia.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 1, гл. ten
Подчинив их, Хайк строит там дом — господское обиталище — и отдает в наследственное владение Кадмосу, сыну Араманеака.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. eight
А в восточном краю, вдоль границ армянской речи (он назначает) двух наместников-десятитысячников, из среды родовладыческих домов Сисакеанов и Кадмеанов, имена которых мы приводили в одной из предшествующих глав.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 206
The Princes Kamsarakan, also called Arsharuni from one of their princedoms, claimed descent from the Karin-Pahlav branch of the Iranian Arsacids and as such enjoyed the position of Princes of the Blood in Armenia.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 28
Повествуют, что святой Григор происходит от Суренова Пахлава, а Камсараканы — от Каренова пахлава.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 209
The Princes Mamikonean (the Mamikonids) claimed descent from the Emperors of China and bore the gentilitial title of Chenbakur, but appear to have been the immemorial dynasts of Tayk.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 81
Арташир, сын Сасана, скончавшись, оставил царство своему сыну Шапуху. В его дни, говорят, пришел в Армению предок рода Мамиконеанов с северо-востока, из благородной и великой страны и от первого среди северных народов, а именно — ченов.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 216
The Princes Manawazean reigned in the territory of the fortress-city of Mana(wa)zkert in the upper valley of the Arsanias, north of the State of the House of Bznuni and west of that of the House of Apahuni, together with which two houses they traditionally formed one - and celebrated - line of the divine House of Hayk; they were, accordingly, of Urartian, probably royal, origin.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 212
The Princes Mandakuni, reigning in the canton of Arshamunik, in Turuberan, appear to have been the dynasts of a remnant of the Mannean (Manda) enclave in western Armenia. The Manda and the Sala peoples are mentioned as neighbors in the Hittite records, and so are, in the Armenian sources, the Houses of Mandakuni and of Slkuni.
- ↑ 1 2 Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. eight
Но мы запамятовали также свирепого мужа Слака, о котором не могу сказать в точности, был ли он потомком Хайка или происходил от более древних жителей этой страны, о существовании которых повествуется в старинных преданиях; так или иначе, это был храбрый муж. Валаршак поручает ему охранять с немногими людьми гору, охотиться на козлов; они стали называться Слкуни. В подобных же обстоятельствах оказался неотступный Миандак; от него происходит род Мандакуни.
- ↑ 1 2 Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 169
The office of Grand Chamberlain was, moreover, conjoined with the dignity of mardpet, so that the terms hayrutiwn (Grand Chamberlainship) and mardpetutiwn (Mardpet-dom) became synonymous. The dignity in question was originally a gentilitial title which denoted the dynastic princes of the tribe of the Mardians. These represented a Caspio-Median or Matianian Mannaean enclave in Armenia, south of the Araxes and east of lake Van, with Mardastan, on the eastern shore of that lake.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 7
Он учреждает четыре полка для охраны царского дворца, в каждом по десять тысяч воинов — из того же древнего семени царей, что произошло от нашего предка Хайка; они-то, унаследовавшие от отцов в разное время деревни и дастакерты, и назывались подлинным останом. После, при Персидском царстве, как я слышал, были составлены другие полки и названы останом, не знаю, однако, потому ли, что прежний род иссяк или же был истреблен по случаю возмущения. Вместо тех были сформированы полки, царские (лишь) по названию. Приказывает также оскопить евнухов из того же рода и (назначает) их родовладыкой Хайра, правителя земель от Атрпатакана до Чуаша и Нахчавана; и был он достойным родовладыкой.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. eight
Вслед за упорядочением царского дома следует назначение вторым (лицом) в государстве одного из потомков Аждахака, царя маров, которых ныне называют Мурацеанами. Ибо родовладыку этого рода называют не «владетелем Мурацеанов», а «владетелем марцев».
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 213
The Princes Rshtuni were sovereign over the homonymous canton on the southern shore of lake Van, with the capital city of Vostan, the island fortress of Alt'amar, and Tosb, once the Vannic capital of Tushpa, as well as over the princedom of the extinct Bznunis across the lake. Traditionally ascribed the divine Haykid origin, the Rshtunis, whose dynastic patronymic is connected with the Vannic royal name of Rusha (Rusa) and whose State occupied the nucleus of the old Vannic empire, appear to have been of royal Urartian origin.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 213
The Princes Rop'sean were traditionally a cadet branch of the royal house, being descended from a King of Armenia's subsequent marriage with a Roman lady named Rufa.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 64
Кесарь Лукиан в то время строил храм в Афинах. После смерти Пероза он с большой армией двинулся в Средиземье, занял Армению и освободил Тиграна. Он отдал ему в жены деву Ропи из своего окружения, которую Тигран по прибытии в Армению отпустил. Он отказался признать рожденных ею четырех юношей и учредил для них род Ропсеан по имени их матери Ропи, поставив во главе его родовладыкой старшего из отроков и включив его в число прочих нахарарств, дабы они не именовались Аршакуни.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 1, гл. 12
Здесь он родил своего сына Сисака, мужа возвышенного, статного, благообразного, красноречивого и отличного лучника. Он передает ему большую часть своего имущества и множество рабов и устанавливает пределы его наследственного владения от озера на восток, до той (части) равнины, где река Ерасх, пробив годные скалы, протекает через длинные и узкие теснины и со страшным грохотом низвергается в долину. Сисак, поселившись здесь, плотно обстраивает пределы своего обиталища и называет страну по своему имени Сюником; персы с большей точностью называют её Сисаканом. Впоследствии Валаршак, первый царь Армении парфянского происхождения, найдя достойных мужей из числа потомков Сисака, поставил их владетелями страны; это и есть род Сисакан.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 215
The Princes Slkuni were the dynasts of the territorialized remnant of the Sala people of the Hittite records, in Turuberan, and close neighbors of the Mandakunis.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 221
The Princes Spanduni ruled a State in Ayrarat and were, apparently, still another branch of the Kamsarakans.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 2, гл. 47
Рассказывают, что в эти же дни Арташес учредил (нахарарский) род для сыновей Тура, юношей числом пятнадцать, и (нарек его) по имени их отца Труни, но не за какие-либо доблестные дела, а лишь за доносительство их отца, которое тот совершал, (передавая вести) из царского дома Смбату, ибо он был близок Ерванду, который и убил его за это дело.
- ↑ Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 221
The Princes Hawenuni, according to tradition Grand Faulconers of Armenia, ruled the homonymous canton in Ayrarat on the left bank of the middle Araxes, east of Abeleank', and seem to have been, like the Abeleans and the Gabeleans, a cadet branch of the House of Kamsarakan.
- ↑ 1 2 Cyrille Toumanoff , Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963, p. 208
The Princes Khorkhoruni, bearing the gentilitial title of Malkhaz and traditionally ascribed the descent from the divine House of Hayk, as well as the office of Commander of the King's Bodyguard, were dynasts of the territorialized remnant of the Hurrian nation - Khorkhorunik or the Malkhaz dom, as it was called after the family title - which was situated in the valley of the Arsanias, northwest of lake Van.
- ↑ Мовсес Хоренаци, "История Армении", кн. 1, гл. 12
Тот оставляет в упомянутом Харке двоих из своих братьев — Хора и Манаваза вместе со всем их людом и скарбом, а также База, сына Манаваза. Хор размножается на северной стороне и основывает там свои селения; от него, говорят, произошел великий нахарарский род Хорхоруни, мужи доблестные и именитые; столь же отменны и те из них, что живут в наши дни.