Charming Red AC ( Eng. Allura Red AC ), also known as Allura Red , Food Red 17 , FD&C Red 40 is a red food coloring registered as an E129 food supplement . Its chemical formula is 6-hydroxy-5 - [(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl) azo] -2-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt. Registration number CAS 025956-17-6.
Red Charming Speaker | |
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Are common | |
| Chem. formula | C₁₈H₁₄N₂Na₂O₈S₂ |
Classification | |
| CAS Number | |
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| EINECS Number | 247-368-0 |
| E-number | E129 |
Smiles | |
[Na +]. [Na +]. COc3cc (c (C) cc3 / N = N / c1c2ccc (cc2ccc1O) S ([O -]) (= O) = O) S ([O -]) (= O) = O | |
Inchi | |
1S / C18H16N2O8S2.2Na / c1-10-7-14 (16 (28-2) 9-17 (10) 30 (25.26) 27) 19-20-18-13-5-4-12 (29 ( 22.23) 24) 8-11 (13) 3-6-15 (18) 21 ;; / h3-9.19H, 1-2H3, (H, 22.23.23) (H, 25.26, 27) ;; / q; 2 * + 1 / p-2 / b20-18 + ;; | |
| Data is provided for standard conditions (25 ℃, 100 kPa) , unless otherwise indicated. | |
Charming Red AS is a dark red powder, soluble in water, usually used as sodium salt, but can also be used in the form of calcium and potassium salts. In an aqueous solution, its maximum absorption is about 504 nm.
Use of Dye Red Charming AC was originally launched in the United States as a replacement for the food coloring E123 . Charming red speaker is produced by many of the largest chemical companies. Despite the popular misconception, Charming Red AS is not made from the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus, Carmine is extracted from it), but from coal tar .
Physical and chemical properties
- Color Index CI 16035
- The molecular weight of sodium salt is 496 g / mol
- Melting point > 300 ° C
Effect on the body
Possible Behavioral and Neurological Consequences
On September 6, 2007, the British Food Standards Agency ( FSA ) revised recommendations for some artificial nutritional supplements , including E129. The author of the report, Professor James Stevenson of the University of Southampton, stated that his results indicate a possible connection between the consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colors and sodium benzoate preservative and increased hyperactive behavior in children [1] [2] .
Food colors were tested in the study: Tartrazine ( E102 ), Quinoline Yellow ( E104 ), Yellow Sunset ( E110 ), Karmazin ( E122 ), Ponso 4R ( E124 ), Charming Red AS (E129) and Preservative Sodium Benzoate ( E211) ) [3] .
The study showed an increased level of hyperactivity, the manifestation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as a lower level of intelligence coefficient in the observed children. The British Food Standards Agency has reported that the exclusion of certain artificial colors ( Sunset Yellow , Quinoline Yellow , Carmoisine , Allura Red , Tartrazine and Ponceau 4R ) from the diet of hyperactive children may have some beneficial effects [4] .
On April 10, 2008, the FSA called for voluntary abandonment of the use of food coloring (but not sodium benzoate) since 2009. [5] In addition, it recommended that during a certain period a campaign be carried out to remove dyes from food and beverages in the European Union [6] . However, the FSA indicated the need for further research and indicated that due to the narrowness of the research, its results cannot be considered applicable to the population [2] .
Evidence of the effect of Charming Red on ADHD behavior in children is currently lacking [7] . It is possible that some food coloring can act as a trigger in those who are genetically predisposed to ADHD, but the evidence base for these claims is weak [2] [8] .
Possible carcinogenic or anti-carcinogenic effect
After the appearance of the dye Red Charming AS on the market, there were fears that it is a carcinogen , but subsequent studies have not proved this. The first reports that its use is the cause of tumors were caused by the presence of para-Cresidine . Although para-Cresidin is an important reagent in the production of the dye Red Charming AS and is known as a carcinogen, subsequent studies have not found traces of para-Cresidin in the products of the class Red Charming AS.
On the other hand, there is evidence of an anticancer effect of this substance. Recent studies by Gayle Orner of the University of Oregon's Linus Pauling Institute have shown that Charming Red can block the effects of carcinogenic compounds, forming complexes with them. In the case when the experimental fish fed on a combination of the carcinogen aflatoxin with dye, they observed 50% fewer malignant tumors of the liver than those that ate only carcinogens. And the trout that ate the feed mixture with dibenzopyrene and “charming red” had stomach cancer two times less likely and liver tumors were 40% less common [9] .
Notes
- ↑ Millichap JG; Yee MM The Diet Factor in Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (Eng.) // Pediatrics : journal. - American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 .-- February ( vol. 129 , no. 2 ). - P. 330—337 . - DOI : 10.1542 / peds.2011-2199 . - PMID 22232312 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 FDA. Background Document for the Food Advisory Committee: Certified Color Additives in Food and Possible Association with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: March 30-31, 2011
- ↑ Parents warned of additives link
- ↑ Agency revises advice on certain artificial colors . Food Standards Agency (September 11, 2007). Date of treatment April 10, 2008. Archived March 13, 2012.
- ↑ BBC Europe-wide food color ban call
- ↑ FSA Board discusses colors advice
- ↑ Tomaska LD and Brooke-Taylor, S. Food Additives - General pp 449-454 in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol 2: Hazards and Diseases. Eds, Motarjemi Y et al. Academic Press, 2013. ISBN 9780123786135
- ↑ Millichap JG, Yee MM The diet factor in attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (Eng.) // Pediatrics : journal. - American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 .-- February ( vol. 129 , no. 2 ). - P. 330—337 . - DOI : 10.1542 / peds.2011-2199 . - PMID 22232312 .
- ↑ Artificial dyes protect against cancer