Haplogroup F (Y-DNA)

Haplogroup F
Haplogroup F
Type of	Y DNA
Appearance time	48000 bhp 50,300 ± 6,500, Hammer and Zegura 2002; 48000 (38700-55700)
Place of occurrence	Hindustan or Front Asia
Ancestral group	CF
Subclades	F1, F2, F3, F4, G , H , I, J, K
Mutation Markers	P14, M89, M213, P133, P134, P135, P136, P138, P139, P140, P141, P142, P145, P146, P148, P149, P151, P157, P158, P159, P160, P161, P163, P166, P187

Haplogroup F - Y-chromosome human haplogroup . Most other haplogroups come from this haplogroup, covering a total of about 90% of the modern male population of the planet, for which it is sometimes called a macrogroup . Almost all people outside of Africa ascend the male line to haplogroup F.

From haplogroup F, the beginning is Y-chromosomal haplogroups G (M201), H (M69), I (M170), J (12f2.1) and haplogroup K (M9) with their descendants - L , M , N , O , Q , R , S, and T.

Content

Origin

This ancient haplogroup could have arisen in India , North Africa , the Levant or on the Arabian Peninsula about 50,000 years ago (50300 ± 6500 according to Hammer and Zegura 2002; or 48000 (38700-55700) b.p. according to other estimates) ^[1] . Haplogroup F is sometimes thought to represent the “second wave” of expansion from Africa . Be that as it may, the primary settlement and flowering of this line took place in the region of South Asia or somewhere nearby within the Middle East ; all haplogroups departing from F also show a radial divergence pattern from South Asia (haplogroups H and K ) or the Middle East (haplogroups G and IJ ).

A rare line of haplogroup F, defined by a Vietnamese person, is an external group for the rest of the megahalogen and separated from the rest of the group ~ 55 thousand years ago. The subgroup for haplogroup F is megagroup GHIJK-M3658, whose subclades include the vast majority of non-African men in the world ^[2] .

Some lines ascending from haplogroup F , apparently, migrated back to Africa from their homeland in South-West Asia in prehistoric times. Possibly, representatives of the haplogroups J , R1b, and T took part in this hypothetical relocation at different times.

Paleogenetics

The Y chromosome haplogroup F was found in the sample Vestonice 43 (approx. 30 thousand years ago ) from Dolny Vestonice (Czech gravette ) ^[3] and in representatives of the Starčevka culture living approx. 5700 years ago ^[4] .

The Y chromosome haplogroup F was originally identified in the Oase 1 individual from the Romanian cave Pestera cu Oase , who lived 40 thousand years ago ^[5] , but in 2016, the Poznik group identified the lower Y chromosome haplogroup NO (K2a) ^[6] ^[7] .

Distribution

In addition to the large branches G , H , IJ, and K , other paternal lines were found that diverged from the haplogroup F-M89. They are found with a very low frequency among many populations on the southern outskirts of Eurasia and Oceania, from Portugal in the west to Korea and the Malay archipelago in the east. India , Korea, and the Ailao Mountains in Yunnan in southwestern China are the only regions where such lines (which are conveniently combined into the F * paragroup ) contain a significant proportion of the Y chromosome diversity of modern populations. The Y-chromosomes of the paragaplogroup F * were found to be especially common among the Lahu people , a group of hunter-gatherers living in the Ailao Mountains in Yunnan ^[8] . The Korean part of F * probably represents a small fraternal branch of the haplogroups G , H , IJ and K , which settled in a relatively small region already in historical times, since such a haplogroup F * was not found among their Japanese neighbors.

Subgroups

Tree

This phylogenetic branching tree of haplogroups is based on the YCC 2009 tree ^[1] and subsequent public research.

F (P14, M89 , M213, P133, P134, P135, P136, P138, P139, P140, P141, P142, P145, P146, P148, P149, P151, P157, P158, P159, P160, P161, P163, P166, P187)
- F *
- F1 (P91, P104)
- F2 (M427, M428)
- F3 (P96)
- F4 (P254)
- G Main article on haplogroup G
- H Main article on haplogroup H
- IJK Main article about the haplogroup IJK

Notes

↑ ¹ ² ³ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree (Eng.) // Genome Research : journal. - 2008. - Vol. 18 . - P. 830-838 . - DOI : 10.1101 / gr . 7172008 .
↑ Posnik GD et al. (2016) Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences , Nature Genetics, 48, 593-599.
↑ Qiaomei Fu et al. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe, 2016.
↑ Szécsényi-Nagy et al. (2015), Tracing the genetic origin of Europe's first farmers reveals insights into their social organization, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, vol. 282, no. 1805, 20150339. (Previously published online 2014 elsewhere before print)
↑ An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor
↑ Palaeolithic DNA from Eurasia Archived October 3, 2016 on Wayback Machine
↑ Posnik GD et al. (2016) Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences , Nature Genetics, 48, 593-599 (Poznik supp. Fig. 15).
↑ Black ML, Wise CA, Wang W., Bittles AH Combining genetics and population history in the study of ethnic diversity in the People's Republic of China (Eng.) // Hum. Biol. : journal. - 2006 .-- June ( vol. 78 , no. 3 ). - P. 277-293 . - PMID 17216801 .

Links

ISOGG 2016 Y-DNA Haplogroup F
Spread of Haplogroup F * , from National Geographic
Y-Chromosome Biallelic Haplogroups
Haplogroups world map
The Haplogroup F Y-DNA Project - Family Project Website

Y-chromosome Adam

A0-t

A00

A0

A1

A1a

A1b

A1b1

BT

B

CT

DE

CF

D

E

C

F

F1 F2 F3 GHIJK

G

Hijk

H

IJK

Ij

K

I

J

LT (K1)

K2

L (K1a)

T (K1b)

K2a / K2a1 / NO / NO1

K2b

N

O

K2b1

P (K2b2) / P1

S (K2b1a)

M (K2b1b)

Q

R

[Karafet-1] ¹ ² ³ Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the human Y chromosomal haplogroup tree (Eng.) // Genome Research : journal. - 2008. - Vol. 18 . - P. 830-838 . - DOI : 10.1101 / gr . 7172008 .

[Posnik2016-2] Posnik GD et al. (2016) Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences , Nature Genetics, 48, 593-599.

[QiaomeiFu2016-3] Qiaomei Fu et al. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe, 2016.

[4] Szécsényi-Nagy et al. (2015), Tracing the genetic origin of Europe's first farmers reveals insights into their social organization, Proceedings of the Royal Society B, vol. 282, no. 1805, 20150339. (Previously published online 2014 elsewhere before print)

[5] An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor

[6] Palaeolithic DNA from Eurasia Archived October 3, 2016 on Wayback Machine

[7] Posnik GD et al. (2016) Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences , Nature Genetics, 48, 593-599 (Poznik supp. Fig. 15).

[8] Black ML, Wise CA, Wang W., Bittles AH Combining genetics and population history in the study of ethnic diversity in the People's Republic of China (Eng.) // Hum. Biol. : journal. - 2006 .-- June ( vol. 78 , no. 3 ). - P. 277-293 . - PMID 17216801 .