Boris Petrovich Tokin ( 1900 - 1984 ) - Soviet biologist, doctor of biological sciences, rector of Tomsk University , founder of the Department of Embryology (1949) Leningrad State University named after A. A. Zhdanov . President of the Leningrad Society of Naturalists (1966-1984), creator of the doctrine of volatile production .
| Boris Petrovich Tokin | ||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | ||||||||||
| Place of Birth | Krichev , Mogilev province Russian empire | |||||||||
| Date of death | ||||||||||
| Place of death | Leningrad , RSFSR , USSR | |||||||||
| A country |  the USSR | |||||||||
| Scientific field | biology | |||||||||
| Place of work | Tomsk State University , Leningrad State University | |||||||||
| Alma mater | Moscow State University | |||||||||
| Academic degree | Doctor of Biological Sciences | |||||||||
| Academic rank | Professor | |||||||||
| Known as | who proposed the term volatile | |||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Biography
Born on July 8 ( July 21 ), 1900 in Krichev (now the Mogilev region , Belarus ) in a family apprentice. From the age of 10, he began working in the printing house as a parser. In 1918 he graduated from Volsk real school.
Member of the Civil War of 1917-1922 , member of the RCP (b) since 1918 [1] . In 1920-1921, at party work in Belarus, in 1922 - in Cheremkhovo, Irkutsk Region.
In 1923-1924 he served in the Red Army , at the same time studied at the medical faculty of the 1st Moscow University, then moved to the biological department of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. He graduated from the University in 1930 [1] . Since 1929, he worked as a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Experimental Biology at the Moscow Zoo. Then, without leaving work at the zoo, he studied at the graduate school of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1928, B.P. Tokin proposed the term phytoncides (from the merger of other Greek phpuτόν (plant) and Latin caedo (kill)) for the toxic volatile substances of some plants that have antimicrobial properties (bactericides of plant origin). Tokin noted that dishes of "Oriental cuisine" prepared in bazaars under conditions that do not always meet the requirements of sanitation did not cause outbreaks of intestinal infections in people. He found that herbal products used in the preparation of these dishes as spices protect them from spoilage, and people from infection by diseases [2] .
In the early 1930s - Director of the State Biological Institute. K. A. Timiryazev [1] . Doctor of Biological Sciences (1935).
In June 1936, Tokin was appointed rector of Tomsk State University , in November 1937 he was dismissed from this position with the exception of the CPSU (b), was arrested in February 1938 . A year later he was released and rehabilitated [1] .
Since March 1939 he worked at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology of Tomsk State University .
In 1941, he initiated the creation of the Tomsk Committee of Scientists, which brought together university staff for research to help the army [3] .
In 1942, the Tokgin brochure was published at Medgiz Publishing House, where the author described the experiments on the antimicrobial effect of garlic gruel and onion on microorganisms . During the years of World War II , with a shortage of medicines, Tokin recommended the use of gruel, aqueous solutions of tissue juices, as well as water tincture of external scales (20 g per 200 ml of water) of onions and garlic in the treatment of infected wounds and intestinal diseases. Tokin claimed that under the influence of volatile production, not only bacteria die, but also microscopic fungi and protozoa [4] . This Tokin proposal was widely used in hospitals during the war [3] .
From 1945 to 1955 - employee of the Institute of Experimental Medicine (VIEM) , professor and head of the Department of Embryology, Leningrad State University .
In 1950 he became a laureate of the Stalin Prize .
Participated in conflicts with geneticists . At the beginning of 1950, Tokin addressed the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks with a letter stating that the secretary of the Jewish Masonic Lodge, Professor V. Ya. Alexandrov , had created a Zionist type group at VIEM , which included the director of the institute D. N Nasonov , professors P. G. Svetlov , A. A. Brown, A. D. Brown and other scientists [5] .
In 1966-1984 - President of the Leningrad Society of Naturalists (LOIP) [3] .
Together with G.P. Korotkova (B.P. Tokin's wife), he created the doctrine of somatic embryogenesis - the development of a new individual from somatic cells during regenerative reactions in animals. In 1977, the authors published the methodological work Embryology and Genetics [6] .
In the 1930s, being an opponent of O. B. Lepeshinskaya , at the same time he put forward the concept of ontogeny of a cell as its development between two divisions [7] .
He died on September 16, 1984 . He was buried in Leningrad at the Red Cemetery (Central road.) [8] .
Awards and titles
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1971)
- two orders of Lenin
- Order of the October Revolution
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor
- medals
- Honored Scientist of the RSFSR .
- Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the third degree (1950) - for the scientific work "Fitontsida" (1948)
- Honorary citizen of the city of Volsk, Saratov region.
Memory
A memorial plaque was installed on the school building in Volsk, where B.P. Tokin studied. One of the streets of Volsk bears his name.
Literature
Rectors of Tomsk University: Biographical Dictionary (1888-2003) / S. F. Fominykh, S. A. Nekrylov, K. V. Petrov, A. V. Litvinov, K. V. Zlenko. - Tomsk: Publishing house Tom. University, 2003 .-- 188 p. - ISBN 5-7511-1701-8 . [9]
Tokin, Boris Petrovich // Tomsk from A to Z: A Brief Encyclopedia of the City. / Ed. Dr. East. Sciences N. M. Dmitrienko . - 1st ed. - Tomsk: NTL Publishing House, 2004 .-- S. 353-354. - 440 s. - 3,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89503-211-7 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Vernadsky. A diary. 1939. Archived March 31, 2008.
- ↑ Article on volatile
- ↑ 1 2 3 July
- ↑ Mazin V. Horsetail plus ... // Arguments and Facts At the dacha, No. 12, 06/21/2001.
- ↑ Article about the scientist P. G. Svetlov
- ↑ Article about Professor G.P. Korotkova (photo by B.P. Tokin)
- ↑ Gaisinovich A.E. , Muzrukova E. B. “Teaching” by O. B. Lepeshinskaya on “living matter” // Repressed Science / Comp. A.I. Melua , V.M. Orel ; Under the total. ed. M. G. Yaroshevsky . - L .: Nauka , 1991 .-- S. 71-90. - ISBN 5-02-025915-2 .
- ↑ Historical burial places in the Krasnenky cemetery
- ↑ Rectors of Tomsk University: a biographical dictionary. T. 5. - 2003.
Links
- Tokin, Boris Petrovich . Site " Heroes of the country ".
- Fominykh S.F., Stepnov A.O. Tomsk period of the life of Professor Tokin