The Ilinsky Island is a fortification built in 1688 on the left bank of the Selenga River , 10 versts below the mouth of the Itantsy River.
Content
History
In 1663, in the Barguzinsky prison, the yasak Tunguses asked for help and protection from Mongol raids. To protect the Barguzinsky region from the south and the Kudarinsky steppe from the east, Ilinsky, Itantsinsky ostroks and the Holy Trinity Selenginsky monastery were later built
From the place of Ilyinsky fortress there was a settlement of Ilyinskaya from the 1660s. The main occupation of the inhabitants was arable farming, fishing and fur trade. On September 25, 1675, Nikolai Spafari arrived here, heading for the head of the royal embassy to China . According to his description, the Elyinsky settlement consisted of 20 courtyards, a monastery in a memorial "in the name of holy father Nikola" and a church. He also reported that the name “Ilinskaya” settlement received from the intention to build a church here “in the name of the holy prophet Elijah” , and further - “and in Ilinskaya settlement they want to supply the island for protection” . September 29 Spafari left Ilyinskaya settlement in Selenginsky jail .
The St. Nicholas Church and the monastic structure were built in 1675 by the Nerchinsk military men in the capture of the Selenga Cossacks called Average. On this place on May 11, 1681, they began to build a new monastery, which was named Holy Trinity Selenginsky.
In 1686, the plenipotentiary Russian Ambassador Count Fedor Golovin arrived in Nerchinsk. He visited the prison of Itantsinsky prison, and in August 1687 in the Holy Trinity Selenga monastery, making a large donation to the monastery.
In 1688 Golovin was in a long siege in the Selenginsk prison . In connection with the aggravated situation in the confrontation with the empire of the Qing in Transbaikalia, in 1688, by order of Golovin, Ilyinsky prison was built around the existing Ilinskaya settlement. Were built wooden walls with a length of 230 fathoms perimeter. For the defense of the prison, 4 guns and 16 poods of gunpowder were brought. Ilinsky prison was for a short time the political center, where Golovin received Mongolian ambassadors.
In 1693, Ambassador E. I. Idez drove through Ilyinsky prison.
With the development of Udinsk, the military significance of Ilyinsky prison was weakened. The buildings decayed and were dismantled, but the walls around the Holy Trinity Selenga Monastery remained. At the end of the XVII century, the monastery was located the regiment of F. I. Skripitsyn, which was intended to protect Transbaikalia from the Manchu-Mongol raids.
In 1728, Alexey Glavinsky was the keeper of the jail [1] .
According to the inventory of 1732, the monastery still had 3 guns for defense, 65 samopalov, edged weapons and military supplies [2] .
In 1735, G. F. Miller counted 75 courtyards in the Ilinsky prison. In 1775, 62 raznochinets and noblemen lived in the prison, 623 townspeople, 594 peasants were attributed to the prison.
In the second half of the 18th century, large fishing areas arose around the Kabansky and Ilyinsky otogorks. Archival documents mention a large number of leather factories in the vicinity of Ilyinsky fortress [3] .
In 1831, the wooden fence of the Holy Trinity Selenga Monastery began to be replaced by a stone one. The construction of the stone wall was completed in 1876. In 1921 the monastery was closed.
Modernity
At present, on the place of Ilyinskaya Sloboda and Ilyinsky prison is the village of Ilyinka, Pribaikalsky district of Buryatia . The distance to Ulan-Ude is 55 km.
Holy Trinity Selenginsky Monastery is located in the village of Trinity , Pribaikalsky District of Buryatia. The distance to Ulan-Ude is 81 km.
Notes
- ↑ The Office of St. Innocent (1729) // Irkutsk Eparchial Gazette. №22, May 30, 1864, p. 369
- ↑ Irkutsk diocesan lists. №51, December 2, 1863, p. 841-850
- ↑ The Baikal Region (historical sketch) // The Baikal Calendar for 1922. Verkhneudinsk. Publishing of the United Baikal Union of Cooperatives. p. 63.
Literature
- “Journey through Siberia from Tobolsk to Nerchinsk and the borders of China by the Russian envoy Nikolai Spafari in 1675“ // Notes of the Russian Geographical Society on the Department of Ethnography, Volume X Issue 1, St. Petersburg. 1882
- L. K. Minert. “Monuments of the initial stage of town planning in Buryatia” // Monuments of history, archeology and architecture of Siberia. Novosibirsk, 1989
- Artemyev A.R. “Cities and forts of Transbaikalia and Amur Region in the 2nd half. XVII – XVIII centuries. ”- Vladivostok, 1999
Links
- Siberian burg (inaccessible link)