Sail (spacecraft)

Sail ( Gukos Index - 11F627 ) is a series of Russian (Soviet) military navigation satellites.

Sail (11F627)
Total information
Manufacturer	KB applied mechanics
Country of origin	the USSR
Platform	KAUR-1
Purpose	navigation - connected satellite
Orbit	Subpolar low (1000 km, i = 83 °)
Operator	USSR Armed Forces
Active life	1.5-2 years
Predecessor	11F617 "Cyclone" ("Gulf")
Production and operation
Status	KA decommissioned
Total running	99
Lost	five
First start	26.12 . 1974 ( Cosmos-700 )
Last launch	27.04 . 2010 ( Cosmos-2463 )
Typical configuration
Typical spacecraft mass	800-850 kg
Power	210 W
Dimensions
Length	3m
Width	2.04 m

The Parus satellites are used to provide space communications and navigation data for submarines and surface ships of the Russian Navy in all regions of the World Ocean. They form the Zyklon military space navigation and communications system, which provides navigation and long-range two-way radio communication with active retransmission of messages from submarines and surface ships in any region of the World Ocean through spacecraft. The system was adopted in 1976 .

In 1976, on the basis of the Parus satellite, a civilian version of the navigation system was developed for the needs of the navy, called the “ Cicada ”.

The vehicles are launched into subpolar orbits with an inclination of 82.9 ° with a height of 970 km at perigee and a height of 1200 km at apogee with the help of Cosmos-3M launch vehicles .

By May 2010, 99 launches of satellites of this series were made. On January 20, 2005, the Universitetsky-Tatiana satellite was put into orbit with Parus, and on July 21, 2009, the Sterkh satellite of the COSPAS-SARSAT system . The last launch of the Parus satellite was made on April 27, 2010.