Yashalta

The modern name of the village ( Kalm. Yashlta ) can be translated as ash , the place where ash trees grow ( Kalm. Yashl - ash ^[2] , that is the suffix of the joint case ). The name was given to the village only in the 1950s in connection with administrative-territorial transformations and is not associated with the presence of ash trees in the village.

The village was founded by Estonian immigrants in 1877 under the name Esto-Haginskoe ( est. Eesti-Haginsk ). At the end of the 19th century, more than half of Estonian peasants were landless. In the second half of the nineteenth century, due to the ruin of the peasants and the acute shortage of land, significant migration processes of the Estonian peasantry took place. The immigrants went to the free lands of the Crimea and the Caucasus , Siberia and the Far East ^[3] .

The first Estonian immigrants in 1870 founded the village of Allmäe ( Podgornoye ) in the Stavropol province . It was located 80 miles south of Stavropol in the foothills of the North Caucasus . The following year, new settlers joined the colonists. In 1875, part of the Estonians moved to the Kuban due to lack of water and founded the village of Livonia there. Another part of the immigrants procured from the authorities a new place of settlement, located 150 miles north of Stavropol . The settlers first gave a name to the educated village - Libenthal, and then called it Esto - Haginka ^[3] . In 1883 a church was built (it was liquidated in 1927). In 1893, 104 families, 424 Estonians and 55 Germans lived in Esto-Haginka ^[4] . The village belonged to the Khaginsky volost of the Medvezhensky district of the Stavropol province .

The village was developing dynamically. In 1890, entrepreneur J. Kokk installed the first carding machine, the factory began to work. In 1891 (according to other sources in 1893) a school building was built. In 1900, a brick factory began work. In 1904 an organ was purchased. In 1905, a rural park was founded. In the same year, a sobriety society was organized, which was later transformed into a public education society. In 1910, high school was opened at a local school. The school receives the status of the 2nd level ^[4] .

In 1920, Soviet power was established ^[4] . In 1924 it was transferred to the Kalmyk Autonomous Region ^[5] .

In 1927, the Paradis Association of Sheep Breeders was created. In 1929, the collective farm "New World" ("Us ilm") was organized, dispossession of the dispossession ^[4] .

On January 24, 1938, the Esto-Khaginsky Village Council was transferred from the Western Ulus to the new Yashalt district of the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ^[6] (the administrative center of the district was the modern village of Solyon , which had the name Yashalta before the war).

In September 1941, the Germans who lived in the village were deported . In the summer of 1942, the village was occupied. Released in January 1943 . On December 28, 1943, Kalmyks were deported . After the liquidation of the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Esto-Khaginka, like other settlements of the Yashalta region, was included in the Rostov region , and the village became the district center of the Stepnovsky district of the Rostov region (formerly the Yashalta region). In December 1944, the village of Esto-Haginka, Stepnovsky District, was renamed Stepnoye ^[7] .

In 1956, after the lifting of restrictions on movement ^{[8], the} Kalmyk population began to return to the territory of the region. In January 1957, the village was returned to the newly formed Kalmyk Autonomous Okrug ^[7] , renamed to the village of Yashalta ^[4] .

The village is located in the west of the Yashalta region and occupies both slopes of the Kashunkale beam. The terrain is flat. The average height above sea level is 38 m ^[9] . The Rostov distribution channel No. 5 ^[10] , which belongs to the Right-Egorlyksky irrigation and watering system, passes through the village. Ponds have been created in the Kashunkale beam, filled with water coming from the Rostov distribution channel.

By road, the distance to the capital of Kalmykia, Elista is 210 km, to the nearest city Gorodovikovsk - 51 km. The nearest settlement is the village of Ulyanovsk, located 8 km south of the village ^[11] . Yashalta is a junction of republican roads: Yashalta - Gorodovikovsk , Yashalta - Salsk , Yashalta - Divnoe .

In Yashalta, as well as throughout Kalmykia , Moscow time operates.

Climate

According to the Köppen-Geiger classification of climates, Yashalta is characterized by humid continental with hot summers and moderately cold winters (Dfa index). The average annual air temperature is 10.1 ° C and the rainfall is 436 mm. The driest month is February (precipitation is 27 mm). The wettest is June (51 mm) ^[9] .

The soil

In the vicinity of the village, chernozems are southern and meadow-chestnut alkaline soils ^[12]

Timezone

Time in Yashalta corresponds to astronomical time: true noon - 12:06:05 local time ^[14]

National composition

According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census ^{[31], the} majority of the population are Russians (71%). Kalmyks make up 14.5% of the population, Germans - 3.4%. Also in the village live Meskhetian Turks (1.8%), Ukrainians (1.5%), Chechens (1.4%), etc.

According to the 2002 census, Russians made up 70% of the village’s population ^[32]

• Monument to General Lembit Pern
• Orthodox Church of Saints Hadrian and Natalia. Built in 2004 ^[33] .
• Stupa of Enlightenment. Opened in 2010 ^[34] .

• Lembit Pern - Soviet General;
• Mityashkin, Akim Gavrilovich - Hero of the Soviet Union .
• Mozgovenko, Ivan Panteleevich - Professor of the Gnesins Russian Academy of Music

• "My circle" of the village of Yashalta (inaccessible link)
• Weather in Yashalta