Afyps ( Adyg Afyps ) - a river in Russia , flows through the territory of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea , the left tributary of the Kuban . The catchment area is 1380 [2] km².
| Afips | |
|---|---|
| Adyghe. Afyps | |
 | |
| Characteristic | |
| Length | 96 km |
| Pool | 1380 km² |
| Water consumption | 4 m³ / s |
| Watercourse | |
| Source | Big Afips |
| • Location | Seversky district of the Krasnodar Territory |
| • Coordinates | |
| Mouth | Kuban |
| • Location | aul Afipsip ( Takhtamukaysky district of the Republic of Adygea ) |
| • Coordinates | |
| Location | |
| Water system | Kuban → Sea of Azov |
| A country |
|
| Regions | Krasnodar Territory , Adygea |
| Areas | Seversky district , Takhtamukaysky district |
| HWR code | |
The name of the river is Adyghe , which is clearly indicated by the end - "ps". In Adyghe, “dogs” means “water”. The name was given the name of the deity of Ata (deity of thunder and lightning). Although this deity did not gain a foothold among the Circassians as it was among the Abkhaz. “Afy” was the original name of the wooded mountain “Big Afips”, which, with the addition of the ending “ps”, was also attached to the river running from this mountain [3] .
On the map “The Map of the Caucasus Lands Published by Semyon Bronevsky” of 1823 appears under the name “Karakuban” [4] , although historically another river is known with this name [5] .
Geography
It flows through the territory of the Krasnodar Territory and Adygea . It takes its sources on the northeastern slope of the wooded mountain Big Afips (738 m; composed of limestones, clay shales, marls of the Cretaceous system), crosses the kuest ridge and, having entered the expanses of the foothill fluvioglacial plain [6] , pours its waters through the Shapsugskoye water reservoir near the Shapsugsky aul reservoir into the Kuban river. The total length of 96 km. The river flows through such settlements as the village of Smolenskaya , a town of Afipsky type.
Topographic maps
Hydrology
Afips River takes in a number of small mountain rivers. Its largest tributaries are the Shebsh river with a length of 100 km and Ubin with a length of 63 km. Afips in its upper and middle reaches is very shallow, but deep places also occur below the confluence of the Shebsha River. The river quite calmly carries its clear waters along a pebble bed, but during a flood period it becomes stormy and high in water. Not far from its confluence with the Kuban, for the purpose of regulating the latter and for irrigation of lands, the Shapsug reservoir was built.
The sources of nutrition for the Afipsa River are precipitation and groundwater . The water regime of the river is flood. In the spring, like many rivers, Afips has the highest water rises, and the minimum level is from July to September inclusive. The water flow in this way ranges from 0.005 to 272 m3 / s. The average annual flow rate is small - 4 [7] m³ / s. In winter, the river tends to freeze, but in addition to wastewater at the source, and ice freezing lasts about a month, usually January, February. The Afips basin has mineral springs . The most famous of them are Zaporizhzhya springs in the valley of the Ubin River. There are 14 outlets of salt and salt-alkaline waters of the " Essentuki " type. The mineralization of river water in the course of the course varies from medium to elevated (300-600 mg / l), hydrocarbonate and sulfate ions, as well as calcium ions, prevail in weight. During the year, the river carries about 130 million m3 of water and about 50 thousand tons of sediment [7] .
In the zone of the Afips river on the territory of the Seversky district, the Red Rocks are located, the ridges of the rocks are stretched from the north-east to south-west. The Afips River and the uplifts surrounding it are a combination of low mountain ranges and ridges with shallow watercourses. The main waterway is the Afips River, 47 km from the source to the village of Smolenskaya. The largest tributaries flow into Afips from the headwaters: left-bank - Quick, Cold, Wide, Red streams (the largest tributary), Adder, Salty; right-bank streams - Left Afips, Kozinyi (originating on the slopes of the ridge Fortress), Planicheskaya Slit (the largest tributary). The water level in all tributaries rises during floods, and they become impassable. In the summer, some of them do not even have a constant watercourse. Almost all the ridge-and-summit slopes have exits of springs.
History
In 2004 Shapsug reservoir was released in the year and, although the water level in the river dropped, it was filled with fish and there were many fishermen on the banks of the river. But, after a couple of seasons, the fish in it was almost completely gone. In Soviet times, as a result of rice-growing activities, the river almost died. Now life is being restored, reeds, aquatic plants, chilim , coastal animals - ducks, water rats are appearing. At the same time, the invasive species of acacia, which were used at the time to strengthen the shores, are crowding the native floodplain vegetation of these places and hindering the restoration of the ecosystem. In recent years, because of the disruption of the locks of the Shapsug reservoir , unusually high floods have become characteristic of the lower river, leading to erosion of the banks, siltation of their sediments and the death of the floodplain forest.
See also
- Shapsug reservoir
Links
- Nature of the Kuban: Afips River
- About the river on AquaExpert. RU
- Afips // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Notes
- ↑ Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Understanding. T. 8. The North Caucasus / ed. D. D. Mordukhai-Boltovsky. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1964 .-- 309 p.
- ↑ State Water Register . Afips . textual.ru . Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia (March 29, 2009). Date of treatment December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.
- ↑ Toponymy - Origin of the name (Inaccessible link) . Archived July 6, 2013.
- ↑ link to the map .
- ↑ Kara-Kuban // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ sediments Fluvioglacial deposits - deposits of melt glacial water flows.
- ↑ 1 2 Republic of Adygea - Geography of Adygea - Inland waters - Afips (Unavailable link) . Archived on June 10, 2015.