A compound word is a word that has two (or more) roots in its composition. As a rule, they are formed from independent parts of speech , retaining in their composition the whole word or its part.
Content
- 1 The concept of own and improper addition of words
- 2 Spelling Compound Words
- 2.1 Own addition
- 2.2 Own addition
- 2.3 Combined and compound compound words
- 3 Optional
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
The concept of own and improper addition of words
Addition of words can be of two types - own and improper .
Own addition is called one that is produced using the vowel o or e ; e.g. water , earthquake, Tsar
Improper addition is called the direct addition of words, without the help of the vowel o or e ; Constantinople, selfishness, crazy .
The words added with prefixes, i.e.
- with prepositions ( when walking);
- with adverbs neither , not , nai ( nor who, not who, not luck, the kindest).
Spelling complex words
Own addition
Vowels that serve to form words as their own addition can only be about and e .
Custom addition
In words formed by improper addition and representing a combination of either names with names or names with verbs , the first half happens either
- nominative case, or
- indirect case, or
- some verb form.
Therefore, when spelling such complex words, one must pay attention to their composition and write accordingly to word formation. For example:
- Tsar city - king ( nominative case );
- five hundred - five ( nominative case );
- heel and floor - five ( genitive ; from the expression of five floors );
- Sum, and one who is gone - crazy ( genitive ; from expression, go crazy );
- can not know - I can’t (1st person; from expressions I can’t know );
- osprey and house - skopi ( imperative ; from the expression to save the house ).
Merged and compound compound words
Philologists distinguish several types of complex words in Russian by the way they are written:
- integral compound word is written, naturally, together ("land management") [1] ;
- a compound compound word is spelled; in this case, both bases are sometimes inclined (“concert-riddle”), and sometimes only the last (“raincoat-tent”) [2] .
Advanced
Distinguishing the component parts of words (prefixes, roots, suffixes) was important in pre-revolutionary spelling . This is due to the complicated pre-revolutionary rules for word transfer (to another line), according to which the word should be divided according to the etymological composition (with some concessions in favor of the syllable).
But (partly) in modern spelling , such a method of word transfer is also used. So, according to the rules of 1956, to split the prefix when wrapping words (on another line) - although it is permissible, but not desirable [3] . You can transfer the word crazy - but better without - smart ; charmed and once charmed [4] .
See also
- Derivative word
Notes
- ↑ Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A. The Integral Compound Word // Dictionary of Linguistic Terms. - Ed. 2nd. - M .: Education, 1976.
- ↑ Rozental D.E., Telenkova M.A. Compound compound word // Dictionary of linguistic terms. - Ed. 2nd. - M .: Education, 1976.
- ↑ Rules for Russian Spelling and Punctuation of 1956, § 118 .
- ↑ Ushakov D.N., Kryuchkov S.E. Spelling Dictionary: For students of mediums. school - 38th ed., Rev. - M .: Enlightenment, 1984. - S. 223, p. 119.
Literature
- Buchchina B.Z. , Kalakutskaya L.P. Compound words / Otv. ed. Corr. USSR Academy of Sciences S. G. Barkhudarov ; USSR Academy of Sciences . - M .: Nauka , 1974 .-- 152 p. - ( Popular Science Series ). - 150,000 copies. (region)
Links
- Smirnovsky P. Part 1. Etymology // Russian grammar textbook for elementary grades of secondary schools (inaccessible link) . - The twenty-sixth edition, printed unchanged from the 25th edition approved by the Scientist. Com Min Nar one.