Seymuriamorph

	† Seymuriamorph
	; Discosauriscus
	; Seymuria (Seymouria baylorensis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryotes
Kingdom:	Animals
The kingdom :	Eumetazo
No rank :	Bilateral symmetric
No rank :	Recycled
Type of:	Chord
Subtype :	Vertebrates
Infrastructure :	Jaws
Above class :	Tetrapods
Hoard :	Reptiliomorphs
Nadotryad :	† batrachosaurus
Squad:	† Seymuriamorph
International Scientific Name
	Seymouriamorpha Watson , 1917
23.03	Neogene
66.0	Paleogene
199.6	Yura
251	Triassic
359.2	Carbon
416	Devonian
443.7	Silur
488.3	Ordovician
542	Cambrian
4570	Precambrian

Seymuriamorphs ^[1] ( Latin Seymouriamorpha ) is a treasure trove of primitive quadrupeds from the Upper Paleozoic , which is given the rank from superfamily to troop ^[2] . The descendants of anthracosaurs , originally were considered primitive reptiles , then - amphibians . Sometimes they are included in the extensive team group (subclass) of “parareptilles” , but more often they are referred to as reptilio morphs . According to morphology, they are intermediate between amphibians and reptiles (they could have had pholidosis , but the larvae retained external gills ).

Known from the Upper Carboniferous to the end of the Permian ( 318.1—252.3 million years ago) from North America, Europe and Asia ^[2] .

Take a transitional position between amphibians and reptiles. The structure of their vertebrae provided significant flexibility and strength of the spine; there has been a transformation of the first two vertebrae into atlas and epistrophy. The skeleton of the limbs and their belts are completely ossified; there were long bone ribs, not closed in the chest. The skull had an occipital condyle; some of the forms have gill arches.

Scientists believe that seismurimorphs were still associated with water bodies and had aquatic larvae. ^[3]

Content

Group classification

The classification is given on the work of V. V. Bulanov in 2003.

Order Seymouriamorpha - Seymourimorph

Superfamily Kotlassioidea Romer, 1934 - Cotlassioids . Permanent forms, with neoteny features. There is a tendency towards plant-eating (feeding on algae).
- Family Utegeniidae Ivachnenko , 1987 - Utegenids . Includes the only genus and species - Utegenia shpinari Kuznetsov & Ivakhnenko 1981 from the lower Permian or the upper carbon of Kazakhstan. Small animals fed on invertebrates.
- Family Kotassiidae Romer, 1934 - Kotlassiidy . Upper Permian forms from Eastern Europe.
  - Subfamily Leptorophinae Ivachnenko, 1987 - Leptorophins . Middle Perm forms. Two species: leptorof ( Leptoropha talonophora ) and Biarmika ( Biarmica tchudinovi ). Herbivorous animals could eat algae.
  - Subfamily Kotlassiinae Romer, 1934 - Kotlasiny . Upper Permian forms (Tatar tier), the last of the seymuriamorph. Two kinds - kotlasii ( Kotlassia ) and microphone ( Microphon ). The cotlins may have been predators, microphones are omnivores, their feeding habits may vary with age.
Superfamily Seymourioidea Williston, 1911 - Semurioids . Terrestrial and semi-aquatic forms, predatory and insectivorous.
- Family Karpinskiosauridae Sushkin, 1925 - Karpinski sausages . Primitive forms, some permanent.
  - Subfamily Discosauriscinae Romer, 1934 - Discauruskins . The most primitive seymuriamorphs, perhaps, are permanent. Known from the lower Permian of Western Europe, Central Asia and China. Most of the finds are larval forms, possibly neotenic. 3 kinds - actually discozavrisk ( Discosauriscus ) and Makovsky ( Makowskia ) from the Lower Permian of Western Europe and ariekanperpeton ( Ariekanerpeton ) from the lower Permian Fergana.
  - The subfamily Karpinskiosaurinae Sushkin, 1925 - Karpinski sazarina . Quite large semi-aquatic predators, from the terminal Upper Permian of Eastern Europe. The only genus is Karpinskiurus .
- Family Seymouriidae Williston, 1911 - Seymuriids . Ground or semi-aquatic predators from the Lower Permian of North America and Germany, possibly from the “middle” Permian of the Urals. Two kinds - seymuria itself and rhinosaurus ( rhinosauriscus ). Rhinosaurus is probably the first of these Seymuriamorphs. His skull was found by P. M. Yazykov in the copper sandstones of the Urals and was described by Fischer von Waldheim in 1847. The sample is lost, judging by the remaining images, the skull is extremely similar to the skull of Seymuria.

Seymuriamorphs are interesting as a small but diverse group that gave the original ecological adaptations (aquatic, “salamand-like”, but at the same time herbivorous; small land-based predators).

Notes

↑ Fundamentals of Paleontology: A Handbook for Paleontologists and Geologists of the USSR: 15 t. / Ch. ed. Yu. A. Orlov . - M .: Science, 1964. - T. 12: Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds / ed. A.K. Rozhdestvensky , L.P. Tatarinov . - p. 138. - 724 p. - 3000 copies
↑ ¹ ² Seymouriamorpha (English) information on the Paleobiology Database . (Checked December 25, 2017) .
↑ Naumov NP, Kartashev N.N. Zoology of vertebrates. Part 2. Reptiles, birds, mammals. - Moscow: High School, 1979. - p. 272.

Literature

Ivakhnenko MF Tetrapoda of the East European poster - Late Paleozoic territorial-natural complex . - Perm, 2001. - pp. 41-46. - 200 s. - (Proceedings of the Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, vol. 283). - 1000 copies - ISBN 5-88345-064-4 .
Valentin P. Tverdokhlebov, Galina I. Tverdokhlebova, Alla V. Minikh, Mikhail V. Surkov, and Michael J. Benton, (2005) 77 55. [1] (Eng.)

Links

[OP_T12-1] Fundamentals of Paleontology: A Handbook for Paleontologists and Geologists of the USSR: 15 t. / Ch. ed. Yu. A. Orlov . - M .: Science, 1964. - T. 12: Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds / ed. A.K. Rozhdestvensky , L.P. Tatarinov . - p. 138. - 724 p. - 3000 copies

[PBDB-2] ¹ ² Seymouriamorpha (English) information on the Paleobiology Database . (Checked December 25, 2017) .

[3] Naumov NP, Kartashev N.N. Zoology of vertebrates. Part 2. Reptiles, birds, mammals. - Moscow: High School, 1979. - p. 272.