Smooth, Osip Mikhailovich

A native of Poltava.

He left his wife and children, who considered him dead, to Odessa , then to the Transdanian Sich , formed by the Turkish Cossacks under Turkish rule, who left for Turkey after the destruction of the Sich in 1775. Calling himself a bachelor, he was accepted into the Platnirovsky Kuren.

In 1821, the Greeks rebelled against the Turks, seeking independence , and the Cossacks as part of the Turkish troops participated in the suppression of the uprising. Smooth participated in the pacification of the Greeks and was elected first smoked , and in 1827 the head ataman of all the Danubian Cossacks and the two-tuna pasha .

At the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1828–1829, Osip Gladkiy entered into secret negotiations with Count M. Vorontsov about switching to the Russian side with a whole bag. On May 20, 1828, at the headquarters of Nicholas I in Izmail Gladky and his comrades received forgiveness (there is a chapel at the port in Izmail). Gladky rendered important services to the Russian army on the Danube crossing: the Transdunches without a fight took Isakcha fortress, because the Turks took Cossacks for their own, for which he was awarded the rank of colonel of the Russian service and the Order of St. George 4th degree (January 1, 1830, No. 4394 according to the list of Grigorovich-Stepanov).

The Turks after treason Gladkogo destroyed the Danube sech, self-government immigrants from Ukraine, rasskorili army and dispersed residents. The descendants of the Cossacks remaining in Turkey largely lost their initial self-identification and mixed with the local population.

After the end of the war in 1830-1831, Nicholas I instructed Gladky to find a place for the settlement of trans-Danube immigrants. He settled them on the free coast of the Azov Sea, between Berdyansk and Mariupol . This settlement was called the Azov Cossack army , and Gladky became its chieftain. The settlement under this name existed until 1865, when it was finally abolished; most of it had been relocated to the Caucasus, beyond the Kuban.

Upon his retirement on October 13, 1851, Gladkiy settled first in the village of Novospasovskaya, and then in the village of Novopetropavlovka of the Aleksandrovsky district of the Yekaterinoslav province, where he had lived for 14 years, purchased by him. He died of cholera in Aleksandrovsk (now Zaporozhye ) on July 5, 1866 and was buried in the city cemetery. Smooth's wife also died of cholera the next day. Smooth, according to the form, was illiterate, but he knew how to sign his name. Smooth had 4 children: Basil, Demyan, Elena and Natalia; on his return to Russia, his daughter Maria was born. The eldest son, Vasily, who had served as a lieutenant colonel, wrote a biographical sketch about his father, and the youngest, Demyan, an artillery lieutenant colonel and battery commander, died while his father was alive in 1862. ^[2]

• Order of St. George of the 4th degree (01.01.1830) ^[3]
• Order of St. Anne 2nd degree (02.19.1831) ^[4]
• Order of St. Vladimir of the 3rd degree (07.20.1840) ^[5]
• Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree (09/19/1848) ^[6]

• Tomb Gladkogo is in Zaporizhia on the street. Zhukovsky, 55 and was restored in 1992 ^[7] . It has the status of an object of cultural heritage of national importance. ^[eight]
• In 2010, a monument was opened near the Zaporizhzhya National University (sculptor Vladimir Filatov ) in Osip Gladky in Zaporizhia. The monument was erected on the initiative of Vyacheslav Boguslaev . At the opening ceremony of the monument were attended by direct descendants of Smooth, representatives of city and regional authorities, people's deputies of Ukraine, hundreds of students and teachers, more than a hundred Cossacks, residents of the city ^[9] .
• The Kuban stanitsa of Gladkovskaya was named after Osip Gladky ^[10] .
• Probably Smooth became the prototype of the Cossack Karas in the opera P. P. Gulak-Artemovsky “ Zaporozhets beyond the Danube ” (1863) ^[11] .

• Azov Cossack Host
• Dobrudja # The emergence of Russian and Ukrainian settlements

• Bagaley DI Gladky, Osip Mikhailovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extras). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Boyko A.V., Malenko L.M. Materiali up to the history of the Azov Cossack Viska. - Zaporizhzhya, 1995.
• Gladky V. O. Osip Mikhailovich Gladky. Koshevoi ataman of Zaporizhzhya village. 1789—1866 // Russian antiquity . - 1881. - № 2. - p. 381-392.
• Malenko L. Azovske Kozatsky Viyko (1828–1866) . - Zaporizhzhya, 2000. - 514 p.
• Chulkov N. P. Gladky, Osip Mikhailovich // Russian biographical dictionary : in 25 volumes / Publication of the Imperial Russian Historical Society. - M .: The printing house of G. Lissner and D. Sobko, 1916. - T. 5: Gerbensky - Hohenlohe. - p. 246-248.
• Yavornytskyi D.I. Koshoviy otman Osip Mikhailovich Smooth // Yuvіleyny zbіrnik academician M.S. Hrushevsky. - K., 1927

• Gladky, Osip Mikhailovich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Hto є hto on Dnipropetrovschiny. Our countrymen 2005r. - who-is-who.ua
• http://www.cossackdom.com
• Gladky Osip Mikhailovich in the Cossack dictionary-reference book
• Malenko L. The Last Ataman of the Danube Sech
• Bachinska O. A. Gladkiy Josip M. // Ukraine in the international districts. Encyclopedic Dictionary-Dovidnik / Відп. ed. M.M. Varvartsev. - K .: Inst. Of the History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2014. - Vol. 5. BIOGRAPHIC PART: A – M. - p. 102.