Kelantan

The name of the state of Kelantan comes from the Malay word cajuput (literally - tea tree of swamps).

The early history of Kelantan can be traced back to ancient times. Early Kelantan had connections with the kingdom of Funan , the Khmer Empire , Sri Vijay and Siam . Around 1411, Raja Kumar, ruler of Kelantan, became independent from Siam; By the end of the 15th century, Kelantan became an important center of trade. In 1499, Kelantan became a vassal of the Malacca Sultanate. With the fall of Malacca in 1511, Kelantan was divided into small principalities and ruled by small leaders who partially recognized the suzerainty of the state of Pattani , which in turn was a vassal of Siam. In 1603, most of these small leaders became directly subordinate to Pattani.

Around 1760, the Raja of the Principality of Kubang Labu (named either Long Muhammad or Long Pandak) began the unification of the small principalities of Kelantan. Shortly thereafter, in 1764, Long Yunus was appointed as the Pengkhul of the city of Kota Bharu; while his brother, Nick Muhammadiah became the first sultan of the united state of Kelantan under the name Muhammadiah I. In 1812, Long Senik, the son of Muhammadiah I, with the permission of Thailand, became a sultan under the name Muhammadiah II.

In the 1820s, Kelantan was one of the most densely populated and prosperous states on the Malay Peninsula, avoiding wars and disputes that encumbered neighboring southern and western states. Thailand continued to play an important role in the management of Kelantan throughout the 19th century. In accordance with the 1909 Anglo-Siam Agreement, the Thais transferred Great Britain the right to govern the sultanates of Kelantan, Terengganu, Kedah and Perlis. Kelantan thus became one of the territories of the British Empire .

During World War II, Kelantan became the first territory of Malaysia captured by Japan during the Malay operation (December 8, 1941). Kelantan was returned to British control only after almost 4 years, in August 1945. Kelantan became part of the Malaya Federation on February 1, 1948; together with other states of Malaysia achieved independence on August 31, 1957. September 16, 1963 Kelantan became one of the constituent states of Malaysia.

Rajis and Sultans of the Kelantan of the Bugis clan

• 1790-1800: Long Yunus bin Raja Long Sulaiman
• 1800-1836: Muhammad Shah I, possibly the son of the previous
• 1838-1886: Muhammad Shah II, the nephew of the previous
• 1886-1889: Ahmad Shah, son of the previous
• 1889-1891: Muhammad Shah III, son of the previous
• 1891-1899: Mansur Shah, brother of the previous
• 1900-1920: Muhammad Shah IV, nephew of the previous
• 1920-1946: Ismail Shah, son of the previous
• 1946-1960: Ibrahim Shah, brother of the previous
• 1960-1979: Yahya Petra , son of the previous one. In the years 1975-1979 - the king of Malaysia .
• 1979-2010: Ismail Petra, son of the previous one.
• From September 13, 2010: Muhammad V , son of the previous one. In 2016-2019 - the king of Malaysia.

The state is divided into 12 districts:

• Administrative Division of Malaysia
• Malaysian population

• Ryzhov K.V. All monarchs of the world. Muslim East. XV — XX centuries - M .: Veche, 2004 .-- 544 p.
• A. Aziz Deraman. Kelantan: Sejarah, Adat dan Warisan (Kelantan: History, Adat and Heritage). Kota Bharu: MAIK, 2018.

• Kelantan Government Official Website
• Kelantan page on Virtual Malaysia
• 2008 Malaysian Election, candidates from Kelantan