Volkswagen Passat

The first generation Volkswagen Passat was launched in 1973. Initially, two- and four-door sedans and similar three- and five-door versions were offered. The model shared the modern fastback style developed by the Italian designer Giorgetto Giugiaro . In fact, the first Passat was the Fastback version of the Audi 80 sedan, introduced a year earlier. The five-door station wagon was introduced in 1974, which was sold to the Audi Fox in North American markets. In Europe, the Passat was equipped with two rectangular, two round 7-inch or four round 5.5-inch headlights, depending on the configuration.

Initially, Passat installed 1.3-liter four-cylinder gasoline lower engines (55 hp, 54 hp) and 1.5 liter upper engines (75 hp (55 kW, 74 hp) / 85 kW, 84 hp) with a longitudinal arrangement, the same engines were used on Audi 80 .

In August 1975, the 1.5-liter engine was increased to 1.6 liters without changing power but with slightly higher torque. In July 1978, Passat Diesel appeared, equipped with a 1.5-liter Volkswagen Golf diesel engine (50 hp (37 kW, 49 hp)), and in February 1979, the Passat GLI with an injector version of 1.6- liter engine.

All models received restyling in 1977 (in 1978 outside Europe), with interior modernization and a redesigned design depending on the model: four round headlights, or two rectangular. The goal, according to the manufacturer, was to more clearly differentiate the car from the mechanically similar Audi 80 . A restyled Golf-style dashboard was used, radio and heating control systems were installed centrally in one unit. The engine mounts, gearbox and exhaust system have been modified to reduce internal noise; comfort has also been improved by changing springs and shock absorbers. The wheels of the car were increased in size, and an improved stabilizing bar was installed at the rear.

In North America, the car came out under the name Volkswagen Dasher. Three- and five-door hatchbacks and station wagons were released in North America for and during the 1974 model year. The only available engine was a carbureted 1.5-liter 75-horsepower (56 kW) (or 70 hp (52 kW) in 1975), displaced since 1976, a 1.6-liter 84-liter injection engine. . Bosch (58 kW).

The second generation Volkswagen Passat was launched in 1981. The B2 platform is again based on the corresponding Audi 80 platform, launched in 1978. Passat B2 has become a little longer, the design of the car, which Passat was now immediately identified, has been updated: the most obvious difference is the rectangular headlights. By this time, front-wheel drive and a hatchback-type body were common on this car.

In addition to hatchbacks and Variant (universalsalam) there was a classic sedan, which until 1985 was sold as Volkswagen Santana in Europe. In the US, the Passat / Santana was called the Volkswagen Quantum, available as a three-door hatchback, four-door sedan and station wagon. The all-wheel drive version of Syncro was introduced in October 1984, initially only with a powerful five-cylinder engine.

Passat / Santana has also been manufactured and sold in China, Mexico, South America and South Africa. In Mexico, from 1984 to 1988, both the VW Corsar and Corsar Variant (4-door sedan and 5-door station wagon, respectively). In Argentina, from 1987 to 1991, under the name VW Carat. In Brazil, the station wagon was called the VW Quantum. Passat B2 sedan and station wagon were made in South Africa for the local market until 1987.

Like the previous generation, the Passat B2 was mainly sold with four-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines. However, unlike its predecessor, the top versions received Audi or VW five-cylinder engines with a volume of 1.9-2.2 liters. In addition to four- and five-speed manual and three-speed automatic transmissions, the Passat / Santana was also available with a VW 4 + E transmission. Also called Formel E, it provided the best fuel economy. The all-wheel drive system used in Passat Syncro has a mechanically identical Audi 80 quattro , not the Volkswagen Golf Syncro. The lower body of the Syncro version was completely different: a central tunnel appeared to accommodate the transmission, the fuel tank was changed, there was no spare tire (to make room for the installation of a complex rear axle). Only the most popular version of Variant has been redesigned. The Syncro version was also available in the North American market, with only a five-cylinder engine.

In 1985, all versions received facelift, consisting of new, larger bumpers, a change in the interior, a new front grille and new rear lights on the versions. The three-door hatchback was canceled, and the VW Santana Europe was renamed the VW Passat.

On March 31, 1988, Passat B2 production ended (although Syncro models were released before June). World production is at least 4.5 million units.

The third generation Passat debuted in Europe in 1988, in North America in 1990 and in 1995 in South. It was the first cross-engine Passat built on Volkswagen's own platform, having nothing to do with the Audi B3 platform. The car, although designated as B3, was based on platform A, which was used for the Volkswagen Golf model. This generation of Passat had only 2 body types: a four-door sedan or a five-door station wagon. The model was called Passat in all markets. The syncro version now used an all-wheel drive system similar to the Volkswagen Golf.

The range of engines installed on the Passat B3 included both gasoline and diesel power units, with and without supercharging. The list of trim levels in the European market included:

• CL (Classic) - basic equipment, but still offered some options.
• GL (Grand Lux) - a richer package with bumpers and mirrors in body color, a more comfortable interior and any options are available.
• GT (Grand Turismo) - a sports version that includes an injection engine, a wide plastic body kit, sports seats, disc brakes, as well as any options.
• GLX - equipment for America, the richest in the base - either a 16V or VR6 engine, automatic electric safety belts with a pseudo-intellect, internal trunk trim for sedans, a concave steering wheel, dimensions in the turn signals, a front bumper without a regular room for a room, most leather interior. Also, any options, plus special ones: protective bars for knees, a glass sunroof, cruise control.

There were also modifications with powerful motors indicated by special plates:

• 16V engine with 16-valve head, 1.8 or 2.0 liters.
• G60 1.8 liter engine with G60 drive supercharger and Syncro all-wheel drive system
• VR6 engine has 6 cylinders with VR-shaped layout
• 16V G60 aka Limited the most powerful factory modification (power - 211 hp torque - 252 Nm)

The choice was offered a 5-speed manual gearbox or a 4-speed automatic transmission.

Series production of the Passat B3 was completely stopped in 1993.

Despite the designation B4, the fourth generation Passat was a product of deep restyling of its predecessor - with the same power body frame, roof and glazing, but new exterior body panels and a redesigned interior ^[1] .

In total, about 690,000 fourth-generation cars were produced, of which about 60% were station wagons. Release was stopped in 1996

The fifth-generation Passat family of models (1997-1999 Typ 3B and 2000-2005 Typ 3BG) was shown in 1996. Unlike previous cars, produced since 1988, they are again unified with the same-type Audi models A4 and A6. This allowed the use of more powerful and modern powertrains Audi longitudinal arrangement. Four-wheel-drive versions of the fifth-generation syncro and 4motion also use a system identical to the fourth-generation Audi quattro Audi (with the Torsen center differential). Passat models are only available with Variant sedan and 5-door station wagon bodies and are equipped with 1.6-, 1.8-, 6-, 6-cylinder petrol and diesel engines in 90-193 liter capacity . with. (In 2001-2004, an 8-cylinder W-engine with a capacity of 4 liters and a power of 275 hp was also installed) In mid-2001, Passat underwent facelift and was named Volkswagen Passat B5 + or B5.5 (Volkswagen Passat GP) . The changes were mostly cosmetic, but at the same time, new headlights, bumpers, taillights and chrome trim gave Passat the look of a new car. Engines were upgraded, equipment was updated.

Especially for the Chinese market from 1999 to 2005, an extended version of the fifth-generation Passat Passat B5 LWB was released on the PL45 platform, elongated by 100 mm, called the PL45 +. A little later for the European market will be released Škoda Superb I on the same platform. In 2005, the next generation Passat LWB, called the Volkswagen Passat Lingyu, appeared.

Price

It was presented at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2005 , (sales started in the summer of that year). Unlike its predecessor, the Passat B6 no longer shared its platform with the equivalent Audi model ( Audi A4 ). Based on a modified version of the PQ46 Golf Mk5 platform platform, the Passat B6 has a transverse engine layout (like the Passat B3 and B4 built on the upgraded A2 platform - the Golf Mk2), rather than the longitudinal one like its predecessor Passat B5.

The design of the all-wheel drive version of the Passat 4motion, due to the use of the transverse engine layout, dictated the transition from the Torsen central differential used on the Passat B5 syncro / 4motion to the Haldex Traction multi-plate clutch. The transition to the Haldex system also led to the fact that the management and behavior has become similar to a front-wheel drive car. With the Haldex system, in normal driving, the car behaves like a front-wheel drive until axle slippage is detected. At the moment of slipping, up to 50% of the torque can be transmitted to the rear axle.

Volkswagen Passat CC

In 2008, at the Detroit Auto Show, Volkswagen introduced a 4-door coupe based on the Passat B6, called the Volkswagen Passat CC , which means “Comfort Coupe”. The cost of the car was 55 thousand US dollars. ^[4] Passat CC was created as a competitor to the Mercedes CLS, it is more stylish and luxurious than the previously released Passat B6. In the US, the name Passat CC was changed to CC. The engines offered in CC are identical to the conventional Passat. At the end of 2011, the Passat CC received a style update, similar to updating the larger Phaeton. For the updated model, Volkswagen abandoned the name Passat CC for all markets, now it is Volkswagen CC.

Engines

Хотя обозначенный B7, автомобиль не является абсолютно новой моделью, а представляет собой рестайлинг B6. Используются новые внешние кузовные панели, за исключением крыши и остекления, с заметными изменениями в решетке радиатора и фарах. Габаритные размеры такие же как у PassatB6, но длина больше на 4 мм. Новые функции включают в себя адаптивное управление шасси (DCC), динамические световые индикаторы без бликов, систему обнаружения усталости и автоматическую систему «городского экстренного торможения». Интерьер незначительно отличается от B6, основной дизайн приборной панели остаётся неизменным .

Машина комплектовалась тремя уровнями комплектаций (Trendline,Comfortline,Highline),двигателями (1.4 122 л.с.,1.8 152 л.с.,двумя 2.0-литровыми 170-сильным дизелем,210-сильным бензиновым).На выбор предлагаются 6-7-ступенчатый автомат-робот DSG и 6-ступенчатая механика.

Volkswagen Passat B8 построен на новой платформе - MQB . Для Passat B8 приготовлено десять бензиновых и дизельных моторов мощностью от 120 до 280 л.с. (среди них есть вариант для метана). Из силовых установок особого внимания заслуживают две новинки. Первая — дизель 2.0 TDI bi-turbo (240 л.с., 500 Н•м), с которым идут полный привод и семиступенчатый «робот» DSG. С таким двигателем седан может разгоняться до 240 км/ч, набирать первую сотню за 6,1 с, средний расход топлива у него равен 5,3 л/100 км, что даёт внушительный пробег при 66-литровом баке. Вторая — гибридная установка, состоящая из 156-сильного мотора 1.4 TSI и электродвигателя мощностью 80 кВт. Общая отдача системы — 211 л.с. Заряжаемая от розетки батарея позволяет на одном электричестве проезжать 50 км. Это означает средний расход в 1,5 л/100 км в комбинированном цикле. ^[five]

• Volkswagen Passat на www.volkswagen.ru