Soyuz-21 is a manned spacecraft of the Soyuz series.
| Soyuz-21 | |
|---|---|
| General information | |
| A country | |
| Organization | |
| Ship flight data | |
| Ship name | Soyuz-21 |
| Launch vehicle | Union |
| Union Flight No. | 21 |
| Launch pad | Baikonur playground 1 |
| Launch | July 6, 1976 12:08:45 UTC |
| Docking | Salute 5 |
| Ship landing | August 24, 1976 10:50:51 UTC |
| Landing place | 200 km southwest Kokchetav |
| Flight duration | 49 days 06 h 23 min 32 s |
| Number of turns | 790 |
| Distance traveled | 32.981 million km |
| Apogee | 253.3 km |
| Perigee | 193.4 km |
| Mood | 51.62 ° |
| Circulation period | 88.66 min |
| Weight | 6,800 t |
| NSSDC ID | 1976-064A |
| SCN | 08934 |
| Crew flight data | |
| Crew members | 2 |
| Call sign | "Baikal" |
| Landing | 2 |
| Landing place | 200 km southwest Kokchetav |
| Flight duration | 49 days 06 h 23 min 32 s |
| Number of turns | 790 |
| Docking | 07/07/1976 13:40 UTC |
| Undocking | 08/24/1976 |
| Crew photo | |
 USSR postage stamp dedicated to the flight of the Soyuz-21 spacecraft and docking with the Salyut-5 station | |
| Associated Expeditions | |
He docked with the Salyut-5 military orbital station. The flight lasted 49 days instead of the planned 60 [1] . On the 42nd day of the flight, an emergency occurred with a malfunction of the main systems of the station. The accident and extreme stress during the elimination of its consequences greatly affected the health and performance of the crew. On the 49th day, the mission was interrupted due to the poor state of V. M. Zholobov [2] .
Content
- 1 crew
- 2 Flight Description
- 2.1 Emergency
- 3 notes
- 4 References
Crew
- Main crew
- Commander - Boris V. Volynov (2nd space flight)
- Flight Engineer - Vitaliy Mikhailovich Zholobov (1st space flight)
- Backup crew
- Commander - Zudov, Vyacheslav Dmitrievich
- Flight Engineer - Christmas Valery Ilyich
- Reserve crew
- Commander - Gorbatko, Victor Vasilievich
- Flight Engineer - Glazkov Yuri Nikolaevich
Flight Description
The flight was carried out as part of the secret program " Diamond ", so the experiments were mainly of a military nature.
A series of scientific experiments was carried out, including the first use of the Crystal installation for growing crystals. A series of engineering experiments on pumping fuel, which are important for the future operation of Progress cargo ships, was also performed. From biological experiments, astronauts observed fish.
Emergency
On the 42nd day of the flight, an emergency occurred: the lights went out, a number of on-board systems turned off, including the oxygen recovery system, but after two hours the crew managed to return the station to normal operation [2] [3] .
After the stress suffered during the accident, B. Volynov developed weakness and pain in the heart area. V. Zholobov was in an even more difficult physical and psychological state. He began to have severe headaches, incurable by the medicines on board. Zholobov became increasingly passive, and the work fell on the commander’s shoulders [1] . According to T. Musabaev and NASA , the crew had problems with psychological compatibility [4] [5] . By the time the decision was made to terminate the flight V. Zholobov could no longer put on his spacesuit on his own. All the last work at the station, including the equipment and loading of a sick flight engineer, had to be done by a commander who also felt unwell [1] . The undocking did not take place on the first attempt - the latches of the docking unit were not immediately released. [1] [2] The night landing was difficult, the lander hit an edge and fell on its side [1] .
Among the possible causes of ill health of the astronauts were considered, including the appearance of toxic substances in the atmosphere of the station, in particular, due to the development of photographic films or fuel leakage. Further studies showed that the atmosphere was normal, and problems arose due to physical and psychological overload with insufficient physical education, poor sleep and poor psychological support from the Earth. [6] [1]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Salyut-3 and Salyut-5 stations threatened the lives of astronauts . Date of treatment March 7, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Mikhail Rebrov. Space disasters. Alibi, or what happened on the Diamond . ISBN 5-85729-006-6 (Retrieved June 30, 2010) .
- ↑ Vedeneeva, Natalia “I was lucky: there was an explosion”: the cosmonaut Volynov spoke about the first docking . Moskovsky Komsomolets (January 15, 2019).
- ↑ About superstition through the lips of an astronaut, major general, our fellow countryman, Talgat Musabaev. . Date of treatment March 7, 2015.
- ↑ Burrough, Bryan (1998), Dragonfly: NASA and the Crisis Aboard Mir , HarperCollins, p. 185, ISBN 0-88730-783-3
- ↑ Hall, Rex. Soyuz: A Universal Spacecraft. - Springer, 2003. - P. 195–196.
Links
- Chronology of space flights of the spacecraft "Soyuz-21" (Russian)
- Encyclopedia Astronautica “Soyuz 21”
- Astronautics. Encyclopedia / V.P. Glushko. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1985 .-- 528 p. - 75,000 copies.