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Maithili

Maithili is an Indo-Aryan language that is part of the Indo-European family of languages. Distributed in the Indian state of Bihar and in Nepal .

Maithili
Self nameमैथिली maithilī
CountryIndia , Nepal
RegionsBihar
Official statusBihar
Total number of speakers45 million
Rating40
Classification
CategoryLanguages ​​of Eurasia

Indo-European family

Indo-Iranian branch
Indo-Aryan branch
Eastern group
Bihari
WritingDevanagari , Kaithi , Mithilakshar
Language Codes
GOST 7.75–97May 412
ISO 639-1bh ( Bihari )
ISO 639-2mai
ISO 639-3mai
WALS
Ethnologue
IETF
Glottolog
Mithilakshara

At present, Maithili, along with Bhojpuri and a number of less common languages, belong to the Western group of East Indian languages ​​(the so-called Biharic languages ), in contrast to Hindi , which is the Central Indian language. In earlier studies, Maithili was considered a dialect of Hindi or Bengali .

History

The name Maithili comes from the name Mithila , the capital of the ancient state of Videh . Maithili is also one of the names of Sita , the wife of Rama .

Maithili for a long time remained a folk language - Sanskrit was used in official communication. The first writer to write in Maithili is the medieval Bihar poet Vidyapati (~ 1352 - ~ 1448). He also convinced the authorities of the importance of using the vernacular in public administration.

Maithili was recognized as a separate language in India in 2003. As a result of the struggle to give the language an official status, in 2004 Maithili was included in the eighth list of the Indian Constitution , which gives the right to use it in education, government agencies and office work at the state level.

Despite its official status, Maithili is a non-prestigious language . The language has a rich literary tradition, however, the amount of available literature and the press is limited; daily newspapers are not published in the language. Maithili speakers are divided religiously and caste , which impedes the development of the language.

Writing

For writing maithili traditionally used their own script ( tirhuta , mithilakshar ), which is a type of oriental nagari , as well as the letter of kaithi . Currently, its own writing system is largely supplanted by Devanagari writing and is used only to a limited extent, mainly for religious purposes.

Steps are being taken to preserve and develop the traditional Maithil script. In 2003, the first Maithillian font appeared , and the project was adopted to include Mithilakshara in the Unicode standard.

In November 2014, the Wikipedia section on Maithili was opened.

Notes

Literature

  • Zograf G.A. Languages ​​of South Asia. M., 1990.
  • Languages ​​of Asia and Africa. T. 1: Indo-Aryan languages. M., 1976.
  • Davis AI Basic colloquial Maithili: a Maithili-Nepali-English vocabulary with some structure notes.Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1984.
  • Jha S. The Formation of the Maithili Language. London: Luzac & Co, 1958.
  • Jha SK Maithili: Some Aspects of its Phonetics and Phonology, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2001.
  • Yadav R. Maithili Phonetics and Phonology. Mainz: Selden and Tamm, 1984.
  • Yadav R. A Reference Grammar of Maithili. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1996.

Links

  • Maithili at Ethnologue. Languages ​​of the World .
  • List of laureates of the Sakhity Academy Literary Prize for work in Maithili (inaccessible link)
  • Maithili information (inaccessible link)
  • Maithili Language History
  • Indian Maithili Poets
  • Maithil Songs (inaccessible link)
  • Maithili on the Rosetta Project website (inaccessible link)
  • Maithili on the Linguist website (inaccessible link)
  • Request for inclusion of Maithili in the Unicode standard
  • Download Madhyam - text editor for Maithili
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maitheely&oldid=94133734


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