Nightingale, Yosef Dov

Rav Soloveichik was born in the city of Pruzhany, Grodno region, the 12th month of Adar, 5663 according to the Jewish calendar , which corresponds to March 11, 1903 according to the Gregorian calendar ^[1] . In 1913, the family moved to Khaslavichi, where his father took the post of rabbi, lived in great poverty. The future rabbi studied under the Melamed (teacher in the header ) Baruch Raysberg, who also secretly taught the Chabadic book “ Taniya ” ^[1] . Until the age of 22, he studied the Torah and the Talmud under the guidance of his father, Rabbi Moshe Soloveichik (1876-1941). A deep influence on Rabbi Yosef was also exerted by his grandfather, Rabbi Haim (known as Rabbi Haim of Brisk), one of the leaders of the famous Volozhin Yeshiva .

Mother, nee Pesya Feinstein, instilled in her child a love of literature, including Russian. Private teachers gave the child an approximate equivalent of a gymnasium course. ^[one]

In 1920, the family moved to Warsaw , where my father led the new rabbinical seminary "Tahkemoni" (Hebrew: "Wise me"). Secular sciences were also taught at the seminary. In the year 1924 Y.D. Soloveichik enters the Free Polish University, where he studies political science for three years. In 1926 he moved to Berlin to expand his education and avoid conscription in the Polish army. The main subject of study at the university was philosophy, especially the neo-Kantian "Marburg" school of G. Cohen . He received his doctorate in 1932 . Initially, the theme of the dissertation was “ Maimonides and Plato ”, but in the end, the theme “Source of pure knowledge and the foundation of reality” was chosen - the epistemology and metaphysics of G. Cohen . ^[one]

At the university r. Y.D. Soloveichik met with the river. M.M.Schneerson . In Berlin p. Y.D. Soloveichik also attended the Berlin Rabbinical Seminary of r. Azriel Gildesheimer . ^[one]

In 1931, r. Y. D. Soloveichik married Tonya Levit (1904-1967), who, like the rabbi himself, came to Western Europe to receive an education and received the title of Doctor of Philosophy at Jena University . ^[one]

In 1932, the couple moved to the United States with their first child, where the father of the river. Yosef Dova since 1925 served as head of the Talmud branch in the Theological Seminary named after r. Yitzhak Elkhanan in New York. This educational institution was transformed into Yeshiva University (Yeshiva University) in 1945 . ^[one]

Because of the Great Depression, Yeshiva was not able to provide the post of r. J. D. Soloveitchik, and in 1932 he became rabbi of the Jewish Council of Boston . This city became the home of the river. Y.D. Soloveichik for many years. ^[one]

In 1935, r. Soloveychik makes the only trip to Palestine in his life where he nominates himself for the post of chief rabbi of Tel Aviv . Held a series of performances there and met with p. A.I. Cook , shortly before the death of the latter. However, p. M.A. Amiel ( 1883 - 1946 ) from Antwerp . ^[one]

In 1937, r. Nightingale founded the Maimonides School in Boston . This school has been successfully operating to this day, and then it was the first Jewish school in all of New England. R. Moshe Soloveichik died in 1941 , a little later than another leader of the river. B. Revel, after which the question arose who would stand at the head of the Seminary in New York. After some hesitation, the council appointed a son r. Moshe - p. Y.D. Soloveichik for a trial period of one year. His candidacy was supported by p. J. I. Schneerson . As a result, p. Y.D. Soloveichik was the head of Yeshiva, formally separated from the University in 1970, until his retirement due to illness in 1985 . Under his leadership, Yeshiva became one of the leading educational institutions for the preparation of orthodox rabbis in the United States. ^[one]

Overcoming great difficulties, p. Y.D. Soloveichik was able to achieve human working conditions for carvers and introduced new methods for monitoring kashrut . Because of this, in 1939 p. Y.D. Soloveichik was accused of fraud, but came out acquitted. The judge indignantly described all the charges as pure slander and fabrication of businessmen-interested. ^[one]

He gave unusually intense lessons and made the highest demands on students. Rav combined teaching with active participation in the rabbinical council of America. He left the non-Zionist organization Agudat Israel and became a member, and since 1946 , and honorary chairman of the Organization of Religious Zionists of America (formerly Mizrahi ). Speech p. S. on the Independence Day of Israel in 1956 was reworked into the famous work “My friend calls the voice”, which formulated the role of Zionism in the post-war era. ^[one]

In 1954–1955 he led a regular column in a Yiddish newspaper טאָג־מאָרגן זשורנאַל (T og-morgn magazine ). ^[2] He taught at Yeshiva University (until 1960 in Yiddish, after - in English). In one of the messages, Rabbi Soloveitchik argued that “ although Yiddish is not a holy language, it is characterized by derivative holiness as the language of the study of the Torah and a linguistic tool that has been used by simple Jews for centuries to express Jewish faith and devotion .” ^[2]

In 1956 , after the death of the Chief Rabbi of Israel p. Yitzhak Herzog , r. Soloveychik was offered to take this post, but he refused. There were several reasons for the refusal, in particular, the reluctance to work for the government. In addition, the rabbi had a huge impact on the life of American Jewry, being the leader of Modern Orthodox. In America, r. Y. D. Soloveichik was an excellent speaker and often spoke in Yiddish, Hebrew, and English. Especially famous were his annual performances on Days of Awe . ^[one]

Activity p. The nightingale in the Mizrahi movement and the Halachic Commission of the Rabbinical Council of America had a huge impact on the life of the American Jewish community. Rabbi Soloveitchik developed and presented the ideas of classical Orthodox Judaism in terms of modern philosophy, intelligible Jewish intelligentsia, often divorced from its roots. ^[one]

Rabbi Y.D. Soloveichik died on April 8, 1993 .

Total river Y.D. Soloveichik had three children. Son - Chaim Soloveitchik (1937). The last years of his life passed in his daughter's house, a progressive disease did not allow p. Nightingale to give lectures.

Hebrew

• שיעורים לזכר אבא מרי (lessons dedicated to the anniversary of the death of his father).
• קובץ חידושי תורה (Collection of comments on the Torah) - articles co-authored with his father (R. Moshe Soloveichik ), published during the life of his father.
• סדר עבודת יום הכיפורים (Service Order on Yom Kippur) - lessons on the first seven sections of the Yoma treaty of the Babylonian Talmud .
• חידושי הגר"מ והגרי"ד ( Yiddish טאג-בוך ) ( Hidushim R. Moshe and R. Yosef Dova) - halachic comments co-authored with his father.
• איגרות הגרי"ד (Messages from r. Yosef Dov) - halachic comments ( hidushim ) sent by r. Yosef Dov to his father in the 20s and 30s.
• הלכות סת"ם (Laws of the scribes of the holy texts) - lessons recorded and processed from the notes and abstracts of students.
• שיעורי הגרי"ד על יו"ד
• שיעורי הגרי"ד על מצוות התלויות בארץ
• שיעורי הגרי"ד עך הלכות אבלות והלכות ט 'באב
• רשימות שיעורים על בבא קמא, סוכה, שבועות ונדרים
• איש ההלכה - גלוי ונסתר (Halakha Man - visible and hidden)
• איש האמונה הבודד (Lonely believing person) - about the mental torment of a modern person (primarily a Jew) and their possible solution. Includes an article קול דודי דופק (Beloved's voice calls).
• על התשובה (About repentance)
• דברי הגות והערכה (Speech on reflection and judgment) - a collection of philosophical articles
• חמש דרשות (Five Sermons)
• דברי השקפה (Speech on worldview)
• בסוד היחיד והיחד (Secretly, one at a time and together)
• אדם ועולמו (Man and his world)
• ימי זיכרון (Memorial Days)
• מן הסערה (From the storm)
• אדם וביתו (Man and his house) - lectures on family life.
• עבודה שבלב (Serving the heart) - lectures on prayer.
• זמן חירותנו (Our freedom time) - lectures on Passover and Easter Haggadah .

Yiddish

• דרשות און כּתבֿים - Yiddish Drashos and Writings: 1949-1958 ( droshes un xovim ). Prepared for publication by David E. Fishman (Edited by D. Fishman). KTAV Publishing House: Jersey City, 2009. ISBN 1-60280-124-X ^[3]
• Rav Soloveitchik's Yiddish Tapes (1955-1979) ^[4]

In English

• "The Sacred and the Profane" (1945). Reprinted as "Sacred and Profane, Kodesh and Chol in World Perspective", Gesher, Vol. 3 # 1, p5-29, 1966. This article has been reprinted with expdanded notes in Jewish Thought, Volume 3 # 1, p55-82, 1993
• Message to a Rabbinical Convention, 1959
• "Confrontation", in "Tradition", vol. 6, no. 2 (1965)
• "The Lonely Man of Faith", in "Tradition", vol. 7, no. 2 (1965)
• "Shiurei HaRav: A conspectus of the Public Lectures of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik," edited by Joseph Epstein (NY Hamevasser). Translated into Russian by Pinchas Polonsky underground.
• "Reflections of the Rav: essons in Jewish Thought" (adapted from lectures, 1979)
• Halachic Man (translated by Lawrence Kaplan, 1983)
• “Soloveitchik on repentance” (translation, 1984)
• “The Halachic Mind: An Essay on Jewish Tradition and Modern Thought”, edited by SETH PRESS, distributed by FREE PRESS, London 1986, ISBN 0-684-86372-3
• "Man of Faith in the Modern World" (adapted by r. Besdin) (1989)
• “Kol dodi dofek: It is the Voice of the Beloved That Knocketh” (translated by Lawrence Kaplan), 1992
• Confrontation, Tradition 6: 2 p5-9, 1964. Reprinted in "A Treasury of Tradition", Hebrew Publishing Co, NY, 1967.
• The Community, p7-24; "Majesty and Humility", p25-37; Catharsis, p38-54; Redemption, Prayer and Talmud Torah, p55-73; "A Tribute to the Rebbetzin of Talne," p73-83 are all printed in Tradition 17: 2, Spring, 1978.
• “Several of Soloveitchik's responsa for the RCA Halakha commission are contained in Challenge and mission: the emergence of the English speaking Orthodox rabbinate,” L. Bernstein, Shengold, NY, 1982.
• “Fate and Destiny: From Holocaust to the State of Israel,” Ktav Publishing, Hoboken NJ 1992 and 2000.

In Russian

• The Lonely Believer (Aman, Jerusalem)
• “The Voice of the Beloved is Calling” (“Shvut Ami”, Jerusalem)
• Community of the Covenant (Shvut Ami, Jerusalem)
• “About repentance”

A number of works were published by Menorah magazine in the USSR.

Mahanaim published two collections of articles and lecture notes:

• Articles from the Catharsis collection, including most of The Man of Halacha (Amana Publishing House, and Mahanaim, Jerusalem)
• Article on Death and the Laws of Mourning
• Article Loneliness of the State of Israel

• Brief Jewish Encyclopedia , Ed. Jewish Community Research Islands. Jerusalem: 1976-2005.
• “The Rav. The world of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik. ”By Aaron Rakeffet-Rothkoff. KTAV publishing house, 1999. Biography, bibliography, memoiries, historical studies.

• Soloveychik Yosef Dov - article from the Electronic Jewish Encyclopedia
• Article about rabbi I.-D. The Nightingale of Dr. I. Ben-Sasson