Philip Johnson ( Eng. Philip Johnson ; July 8, 1906 - January 25, 2005 ) - the founder and leading representative of the " international style " in American architecture of the mid-XX century. Winner of the first Pritzker Prize (1979).
| Philip johnson | |
|---|---|
| Basic information | |
| A country | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Study | |
| Architectural style | |
| Major buildings | and |
| Awards | Pritzker Prize ( 1979 ) [d] ( 1978 ) |
Content
Biography
Born in Ohio, in Cleveland in 1906 in the family of a successful lawyer. Johnson studied history and philosophy at Harvard , but in 1928 the whole course of his life changed the meeting with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe . Upon returning from a trip to Europe, Johnson first introduced Americans to the theory and architectural practice of Mies van der Rohe, Gropius and Le Corbusier - architects whom Johnson identified as representatives of the International style . In 1932 he became the initiator and organizer of the exhibition "Modern Architecture: International Exhibition" at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, which marked the International style. The exhibition was the first project of the Museum of Modern Art related to architecture and one of the first museum exhibitions on architecture in general.
Period of Modernism
Having become the head of the architectural division of the Museum of Modern Art, Johnson contributed to the promotion of architectural modernism in America, wrote a detailed monograph on Mies van der Rohe and convinced him to move to the United States. On the territory of his manor in Connecticut, he embodied ideas of architectural minimalism belonging to Mies van der Rohe in the design of the Glass House (1949). From that time on, he began working as an architect-practitioner, creating, together with Mies, such a vivid example of an βinternational styleβ as the Sigrem-building in New York (1956).
Glass House (1949)
Glass House Interior (1949)
Sculpture Garden of the Museum of Modern Art in New York (1953)
Sigrem Building (1958)
Monastery of St. Anselm in Washington (1960)
Atrium of the David Koch Theater in Lincoln Center (1964)
Kunsthalle in Bielefeld , Germany (1968)
Penzioni Place in Houston , Texas (1970β76)
The postmodern period and late projects
As the popularity of the "international style" fell in the 1960s. Johnson has adapted to new trends. Curved lines and allusions to postmodernist historical architectural styles appear in his designs. In 1968, together with John Burgee, he founded his own architectural bureau. Johnson and Burgeβs collaborative projects are numerous, including the Williams Tower in Houston (1983), the Sony Corporation building in New York (1984), and Lipstick in Manhattan (1986), and One Detroit Center (1993) in Detroit , and the Gateway of Europe to Madrid (1996).
Crystal Cathedral in Garden Groove, California. Cathedral (1980) and Tower (1990)
550 Madison Avenue (Sony Building) (1984)
Capella St. Basil at the University of St. Thomas, Houston (1992)
The PPG building in Pittsburgh , (1984).
Lipsstick Building , New York (1986)
See also
- Category "Buildings designed by Philip Johnson"
Notes
- β 1 2 3 architects working in Sweden - 2014.
- β 1 2 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- β SNAC - 2010.
- β Architects working in Sweden - 2015.
- β Johnson Philip // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- β http://www.legacy.com/Obituaries.asp?Page=LifeStory&PersonID=3087991
Literature
- Johnson, Philip // Collier Encyclopedia .