Mikhail Ivanovich Batyanov (Botianov) ( October 17, 1835 - 1916, Petrograd ) - Russian general of infantry ( December 6, 1899 ), hero of the Sevastopol defense and the Caucasian war .
| Mikhail Ivanovich Batyanov | ||||||||||||||
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| Affiliation |  Russian empire | |||||||||||||
| Type of army | navy, infantry | |||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1852–1911 | |||||||||||||
| Rank | Infantry General | |||||||||||||
| Commanded | 20th arrow bat n, Kabardian infantry. regiment , 2nd brig. 1st gren. div., 3rd arrow. brig., 13th infantry. div., 23rd infantry. div., 12th arm. Bldg., 16th Arm. Bldg., 3rd Manchu Army | |||||||||||||
| Battles / Wars | Crimean War , Caucasian War , Russian-Japanese War | |||||||||||||
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Biography
Mikhail Batyanov was born on October 17, 1835 in the family of Ivan Vasilyevich Batyanov’s chamber junker (Yankula Botianula, 1802 — ca. 1868), the son of a Moldovan steward , a graduate of the Imperial St. Petersburg University, a long-standing translator of “Asian languages” (Arab, Turkish and Persian) under the Chief Commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports . He was educated in the Naval Cadet Corps , from where he was released by a midshipman on August 6, 1852 into the 31st naval crew .
With the Black Sea Fleet participated in campaigns on the Caucasian coast in 1852-1854. With the 31st naval crew that became part of the consolidated infantry battalion, he participated in the defense of Sevastopol , while on the Malakhov Kurgan, where he was contused. For distinctions in the defense of Sevastopol, he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 3rd degree with swords (1854) and St. Vladimir 4th degree with swords (1855).
In 1856 he was transferred to the Life Guards Finnish Reserve Regiment as a lieutenant , and two years later in the Life Guards Tsarskoye Selo Infantry Battalion . In 1861 he was transferred to the Zhytomyr Infantry Regiment Major and appointed to consist of the commander-in-chief of the Caucasian army. For differences in cases against the Highlanders in 1864, he was awarded a golden saber with the inscription "For Bravery" . In 1865 he was appointed commander of the 20th rifle battalion, and in 1867 promoted to colonel and appointed commander of the 80th infantry regiment of the Kabardinsky . September 22, 1871 granted an out-door adjutant ; appointed at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasian Army, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich, and participated in the suppression of the uprising in the Terek region .
April 6, 1873 Batyanov received a belated award for the Sevastopol defense - the Order of St.. George of the 4th degree:
| Consisting of the rank of Michman, he made a difference in the defense of the city of Sevastopol during the terrible bombardment of October 5, 1854, where, with self-denial, he rushed into the burning powder magazine on the Malachi Hill and managed to put out the fire with the help of several brave sailors. |
On December 29, 1877, for military distinction, he was promoted to major general , with seniority since May 16, 1877, with the appointment of His Imperial Majesty to the Formation and at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasian Army, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolayevich. January 14, 1878 appointed commander of the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Grenadier Division ; The following year, he was awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus , 1st degree with swords, and in 1880 received the Order of St. Anna , 1st degree. From 1881 to 1886 he commanded the 3rd Infantry Brigade. Produced to lieutenant general , he successively commanded the 13th and 23rd infantry divisions; In 1883 he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir , 2nd degree.
From 1893 to 1896 he commanded the 12th Army Corps (in the Kiev Military District ). In this position, Batyanov paid great attention to the combat training of the troops, taking into account the introduction of new rapid-fire weapons into the armaments and implementing the principle of rational training of the modern soldier. The application to the locality, movement under fire by fine lines, great respect for the fire, conducted by Batyanov in training the corps, met with disapproval from the side of the district commander, General Dragomirov . Batyanov was forced into the reserve. But less than a year later he received the 16th Army Corps , located in another district, where he continued to carry out his views on the training of troops. In an effort to raise his subordinate commanding staff, Batyanov demanded to spare the subordinate's pride, the authority of the chief ordered to maintain justice and respect for the law.
In 1903, being a general of infantry, he was appointed a member of the Military Council . During the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. commanded the 3rd Manchu army , and after making peace he returned to the Military Council.
He retired on January 1, 1911 and already in May he was appointed honorary guardian of the Board of Trustees for the Petrograd Presence.
Mikhail Ivanovich Batyanov died in Petrograd on December 5, 1916 and was buried in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery .
Batyanov placed on the pages of various periodicals a number of articles on a wide variety of issues. Particularly noteworthy are the articles in the “Russian Disabled Person” for 1900: “ Mounted infantry ”, “On raising the shooting case”, “On the protection of artillery on the battlefield”, “A few words about officer ranks”, “On military textbooks”, “On training teams "and many others. Some orders of Bat'yanov on the corps are published in a separate book.
Sources
- Botyanov, Mikhail Ivanovich // Bombarda - Vereshchagin, Alexander Vasilyevich. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytina , 1911. - p. 39. - ( Military encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / ed. by KI Velichko [and others ]; 1911–1915, Vol. 5).
- Miloradovich G. A. The list of persons retinue of their majesties from the reign of Emperor Peter I to 1886. - SPb. 1886.
- Obituary // Kronstadt Gazette . - 1916. - № 273.
- Obituary // Russian invalid . - 1916. - № 335.
- Batyanov, Mikhail Ivanovich // List of generals by seniority . Compiled on September 1, 1900. - SPb. : Military Printing House, 1900. - p. 115.
- Batyanov, Mikhail Ivanovich . // Project "Russian Army in the Great War."