Theodore William Schultz ( Theodore William Schultz ; April 30, 1902 , , South Dakota - February 26, 1998 , Evanston , Illinois ) - American economist [4] . Winner of the 1979 Nobel Prize "for pioneering studies of economic development as applied to the problems of developing countries" [5] . Representative of the Chicago School of Economics .
| Theodore William Schulz | |
|---|---|
| Theodore william schultz | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | , South Dakota , USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | Evanston , Illinois , USA |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | economy |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | |
| Awards and prizes | Prize of the Swedish National Bank for Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel ( 1979 ) Francis Walker Medal [d] |
Content
Biography
Schulz was born on April 30, 1902, into a family of Henry Edward and Anna Elizabeth (née Weiss) Schulz, in a German farm settlement near Arlington, South Dakota, and grew up on a farm near , South Dakota. Theodore was the eldest among eight children [6] .
Since 1921, for three years, he attended a four-month winter course at an agricultural school at the , and in 1924 he entered the bachelor's program there, and in 1926 received a degree in agriculture and economics. In 1928 he received a master's degree at the University of Wisconsin in Madison , and in 1930 a doctorate from the same university [7] .
In 1929 he visited the USSR to study agricultural economics, in 1960, at the invitation of the USSR Academy of Sciences, he visited the USSR for the second time, and in 1990, as part of a large delegation of American businessmen, visited the USSR again [8] .
In 1930, Theodore married Esther Florence Werth (1905-1991), a native of , South Dakota, who gave him two daughters, Elaine and Margaret, and a son, Paul. The wife also studied and received a bachelor's degree from the University of South Dakota in 1927. [7]
In 1930-1943 he taught at the University of Iowa . In 1943-1961 he was a professor at the University of Chicago , where in the 1950s he led the project "Technological Assistance to Latin America."
Theodore Schulz was a member of the American Economic Association and the National Academy of Sciences of the USA (1974) [9] , a founding member of the National Academy of Education, a member of the American Philosophical Society , a member of the American Academy of Sciences and Arts , director and vice president of the National Bureau of Economic Research in 1949— 1967, manager of in Canada , the trustee of the Population Council at the Institute of the current global challenges and the International service for agriculture own development. He was an honorary professor at Grinnell College, University of South Dakota, Illinois, Wisconsin, Dijon and Chilean Catholic Universities, as well as universities in the states of Michigan and North Carolina [7] .
In 1970, he retired, but continued to actively research until 1990, when he broke his hip, and then was bedridden [10] .
Theodore Schulz died on February 26, 1998 in Evanston , Illinois and was buried in a cemetery in , South Dakota. [11]
Major Contribution to Science
Schulz's work was largely devoted to the study of emerging economies, with particular attention to agricultural economics. He analyzed the role of agriculture in the economy. His work significantly influenced the policy of industrialization, both in developed and developing nations. Schulz also promoted the idea of educational capital - an offshoot of the concept of human capital - in the field of investment in education [7] .
Schulz investigated the reason why post-war Germany and Japan were able to recover quickly, almost at an incredible speed and from the ruins. Compared to these countries in Britain , for example, food cards were used much longer after the war. According to Schultz, the speed of recovery was associated with a healthy and educated population. Education makes people more productive, and good health care saves investment in education and enables production. Schulz’s most important contribution to science was the Theory of Human Capital , which in the 1980s initiated vigorous investment in vocational and technical education from the international financial institutions of Breton-Woods , such as the IMF and the World Bank [7] .
Rewards
For his achievements in the field of economic theory, he was repeatedly awarded [7] :
- 1960 - Appointed President of the American Economic Association ,
- 1972 - Francis Walker Medal
- 1972 - Professor Emeritus of the University of Chicago ,
- 1976 - medal from the International Association of Agricultural Economists [12] ,
- 1979 - Nobel Prize in Economics
- 1988 - appointed honorary lifetime member of the International Association of Agricultural Economists [13] .
Memory
Since 2006, the International Association of Agricultural Economists nominated the Theodor Schulz Prize once every three years for the best work in the [14] .
Since 1964, the established the Schulz-Werth Prize to promote and recognize students ’academic excellence. [15]
In honor of Theodore Schulz, one of the campuses of the University of South Dakota was named [16] .
Bibliography
- Schulz, T. The Value of Children // THESIS, 1994. Issue. 6.
- Schultz TW Redirecting Farm Policy. - New York: Macmillan Company, 1943
- Schultz TW Food for the World. - Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945
- Schultz TW Agriculture in an Unstable Economy. - New York: McGraw-Hill, 1945
- Schultz TW Agricultural Efficiency and Rural Welfare, 1952 Conference, August 15-22, 1952, Michigan State College, East Lansing, Michigan
- Schultz TW The Economic Organization of Agriculture. - McGraw-Hill, 1953
- Schultz TW Reflections on Agricultural Production, Output and Supply // Journal of Farm Economics 38 (3), 1956. pp. 748-762
- Schultz TW Investment in Human Beings. - Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.
- Schultz TW The Economic Value of Education. - New York: Columbia University Press, 1963
- Schultz TW Transforming Traditional Agriculture. - New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964
- Schultz TW Economic Growth and Agriculture. - New York: MacGraw-Hill, 1968
- Schultz TW Investment in Human Capital: The Role of Education and of Research, - New York: Free Press, 1971
- Schultz TW Human Resources (Human Capital: Policy Issues and Research Opportunities), - New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1972
- Schultz TW Investment in Education: Equity-Efficiency Quandary. - Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972
- Schultz TW New Economic Approaches to Fertility. - Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973
- Schultz TW Economics of the Family: Marriage, Children, and Human Capital. - Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974
- Schultz TW Investing in People . - University of California Press, 1981
- Schultz TW The Economics of Being Poor, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Blackwell Publishers, 1993
- Schultz TW Origins of Increasing Returns, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Blackwell Publishers, 1993.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 101603347 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Theodore William Schultz . - article from Encyclopædia Britannica Online . Date of treatment March 24, 2016.
- ↑ Winners of the Nobel Prize for Economics . Encyclopædia Britannica. Date of treatment January 13, 2018. (English)
- ↑ Nobel laureates in economics: a bio-bibliographic dictionary. 1969-1992 . - M .: Ros. Independent Institute for Social and Economic Research, 1994. - ISBN 5-900727-06-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Blaug M. 100 great economists after Keynes . - St. Petersburg: Economics, 2009 .-- S. 363-365 . - ISBN 978-5-903816-03-3 .
- ↑ Schultz TW Theodore W. Schultz - Biographical // Nobelprize.org. - 1992.
- ↑ Theodore W. Schultz
- ↑ Passell P. Theodore Schultz, 95, Winner Of a Key Prize in Economics // The New York Times . - March 2, 1998.
- ↑ Theodore W. Schultz Badger Cemetery
- ↑ Leonard K. Elmhirst Memorial Lectures International Association of Agricultural Economists
- ↑ Honorary Life Members International Association of Agricultural Economists
- ↑ TWSchultz Prize for Best Contributed Paper International Association of Agricultural Economists
- ↑ Theodore and Esther Schultz Society Archived February 2, 2015. South dakota state university
- ↑ Schultz Hall South Dakota State University
