The Big Drawing is a single general map of the Russian state on a large scale , created in the 16th century by decree of Ivan IV (Grozny) . In 1627, a “new drawing” was compiled (at least the second edition), which received the name “field”. The old drawing and the “field” drawing are now considered lost. The last mention of the drawings is given in the list of cases of the discharge order , compiled by the duma clerk D.M. Bashmakov in 1668 [1] .
Content
History
In the years 1503-1517, according to Academician B. Rybakov , Moscow surveyors began to draw up “drawings” of the border regions of Russia, primarily the western ones. Maps appeared that did not reach us: “ Korelsky line”, “Lithuanian and Pskov land”, “Korel and Lop lands to the Murmansk sea ” and others. Apparently, the creation of a new map of the Russian state also dates back to this period.
A map has been preserved (1523), reproducing the detailed geographical knowledge of Russians about the western outskirts of their state, acquired by that time.
In 1552, Tsar Ivan IV Vasilyevich "ordered the land to be measured and a drawing made for the entire state." The enormous in scale work on collecting materials and compiling “drawings” of individual areas has been unfolded. Unknown land surveyors filmed inland areas along the Volga, Oka, Kama, Northern Dvina, Pechora rivers with their tributaries, as well as part of the Trans-Ural steppes and land south of the lower Don and the Caspian. The initial drawing was made by 1556 . [2]
Until the end of the 16th century, extensive cartographic and descriptive material was accumulated, according to which (around 1600) a “Drawing for the entire Moscow State ” was compiled. Later, this lost work - the largest map of Russia of the XVI century - was called the "Big Drawing". It was a road map, built on the main roads of that time, sakmas and hats , covering territories from north to south from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea, from west to east from the Gulf of Finland almost to the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains. The names belonging to the European part of Russia (without villages and villages), there were about 1340, including 880 rivers, 400 cities and about 70 lakes. Such a detailed map was used primarily for management purposes. After compilation, the "Big Drawing" was often in use and very dilapidated - "the whole one was beaten up and fell apart."
See also
- Big Drawing Book
Notes
- ↑ Book of the Great Drawing. under the editorship of K. N. Serbina / Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1950
- ↑ I.E. Saratov . Ch.6: Book for the Big Drawing // Kharkov, where does your name come from? / ed. N.Z. Alyabyev. - 3rd, supplemented. - H .: Publishing house of the KhSAH , type. The Druck Factor, 2003 .-- S. 68-83. - 248 p. - (350th anniversary of Kharkov). - 415 copies. - ISBN no.
Literature
- Pachkalov A.V. Medieval cities of the Lower Volga and Northern Caucasus. M., 2018.
- Shibanov F. A. “The Big Drawing”, or the First Original Russian Map of the Moscow State // Vestnik LSU. - 1947. - No. 5. - C. 99-102.
- Shibanov F. A. “Big drawing”: The first original Russian map of the Moscow state // Transactions of the Second All-Union Geographical Congress. M., 1949.V. 3.P. 272-280.
- Book of the Big Drawing / Ed. K. N. Serbina . - M., 1950.
- Polevoy B.P. New about the "Big Drawing" // Bulletin of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Ser. geo - 1967. - No. 6. - S. 121-130.
- “Slavic Encyclopedia. XVII century. " M., OLMA PRESS. 2004.