Heather blooming ( lat. Ericāles ) is an order of dicotyledonous plants, characterized by a large variety of species. The order is represented by various life forms, starting with trees and shrubs , ending with lianas and grassy plants. Along with the usual autotrophic forms, heather flowers include chlorophyll-free plants - for example, from the genus Dotdelnik ( Monotropa ), as well as carnivorous plants - for example, from the genus Sarracenia ( Sarracenia ).
| Heather Flowers | |||||||||||||||
 Cinerea arborea | |||||||||||||||
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Ericales Dumort. , (1829) | |||||||||||||||
Many species have five pistils , often growing together.
Mycorrhiza is an interesting property, often associated with heather plants. In fact, symbiosis with mushrooms is a fairly common phenomenon among representatives of Ericales , moreover, three types of symbiosis ( mycorrhiza ericoid , arbutoid and monotropoid ) are known, which can be found only among heather flowers. In addition, some heather families have an exceptional ability to accumulate aluminum .
The order of Ericales is cosmopolitan , the ranges of its families are very different from each other: some are limited to the tropics , while others are distributed mainly in the arctic and temperate climatic zones .
The order includes more than 8,000 species, of which, according to various estimates, from 2,000 to 4,000 species are in the Heather family ( Ericaceae ).
Economic value
Undoubtedly, the most economically important plant in order is tea ( Camelia sinensis ) of the family Theaceae . The order also includes kiwi ( Actinidia deliciosa ), persimmon (genus Diospyros ) and some tropical fruits. Many species of Ericales are cultivated as ornamental flowering plants.
Classification
The APG II ( 2003 ) classification system considers the following families in the basal asterid group :
- Actinidia ( Actinidiaceae )
- Balsamic ( Balsaminaceae )
- Cellular ( Clethraceae )
- Cyril ( Cyrillaceae )
- Diapensecees ( Diapensiaceae )
- Ebony ( Ebenaceae )
- Heather ( Ericaceae )
- Fuchieriaceae ( Fouquieriaceae )
- Lecithis ( Lecythidaceae )
- Maesaceae
- Markgravia ( Marcgraviaceae )
- Mitrastemonaceae
- Mirsinovye ( Myrsinaceae )
- Pellicieraceae
- Pentaphylacaceae ( Pentaphylacaceae )
- Sinyukhovye ( Polemoniaceae )
- Primrose ( Primulaceae )
- Roriduloses ( Roridulaceae )
- Sapotaceae
- Sarrasenie ( Sarraceniaceae )
- Sladeniaceae
- Styracaceae ( Styracaceae )
- Simplock ( Symplocaceae )
- Tetramaster ( Tetrameristaceae )
- Tea ( Theaceae )
- Theophrastoe ( Theophrastaceae )
According to the earlier Kronkvist classification system ( 1981 , 1988 ), heather flowers included a smaller group of plants that were placed among the Dileniidae ( Dileniidae ):
- Heather ( Ericaceae )
- Cyril ( Cyrillaceae )
- Cellular ( Clethraceae )
- Grubbiaceae ( Grubbiaceae )
- Vodyanikovye ( Empetraceae )
- Epacris ( Epacridaceae )
- Pearberry ( Pyrolaceae )
- Vertlyanitse ( Monotropaceae )
Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram of the asterids group, showing the alleged family relationships of the Heather color order according to the classification system APG III (2009) [2] :
| asterids |
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Notes
- ↑ About the conditionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons” .
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: APG III // Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society: Journal. - London, 2009. - V. 161 , № 2 . - pp . 105-121 . - DOI : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x . (Verified May 25, 2010)
Links
- Heather Flowers (eng.) : Information on APWeb (Retrieved April 20, 2010) .
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