The 11th Army (11 A), an operational military association (combined arms army) as part of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War .
 11th army | |
| Type of: | combined arms |
| Type of army: | land |
| Number of formations: | one |
| As part of the fronts: | Northwest Front Northern front Western front Bryansk Front Baltic front 2nd Baltic Front Belarusian front |
| Commanders | |
| Lieutenant General Morozov V.I. Lieutenant General Kurochkin P.A. Lieutenant General A. Lopatin Lieutenant General Fedyuninsky II | |
| Combat operations | |
| Baltic Strategic Defensive Operation (1941) Cross-border battle in Lithuania and Latvia (1941) Leningrad Strategic Defensive Operation (1941) Kingisepp-Luga Frontline Defensive Operation (1941) Counterattacks by the enemy grouping in the areas of Soltsy, Porkhov, Novorzhev (1941) , Counterattacks by the enemy grouping in the areas of Staraya Russa and Kholm (1941) Demian Frontline Defense Operation (1941) Demian Offensive Operation (1942) Demian Offensive Operation (1943) Old Russian offensive operation (1943) Oryol Strategic Offensive Operation (1943) Bolkhov-Oryol front-line offensive operation (1943) Bryansk offensive operation (1943) Gomel-Rechitsa offensive operation (1943) | |
History
Formation
The management of the 11th Army was formed on September 7, 1939 on the basis of the Minsk Army Task Force of the Belarusian Special Military District , which in turn was formed on January 15, 1939.
Before World War II
She participated in the Polish campaign of the Red Army in Western Belarus .
In 1940 it was included in the Baltic Military District (from August 17, 1940 - the Baltic Special Military District).
1941
As part of the army during the Great Patriotic War from June 22, 1941 to April 2, 1943 and from July 12, 1943 to December 31, 1943.
- Baltic Strategic Defensive Operation (1941)
- Cross-border battle in Lithuania and Latvia (1941)
In accordance with the plan for covering the state border, the 11th Army occupied the cover region No. 3 along the state border from the Neman River to Kapczyamestis within the borders: to the right of Dotnuva , excluding Sredniki, the Neman River to Yurburg , excluding Insterburg ; left excluding Oshmyany , excluding Druskininkai , Troiburg , excluding Letzen ; from the rear - Jonava , Oran .
In other words, the troops that were part of the army were supposed to cover the border with East Prussia and Poland (at that time the governor general), located on a stretch from the Neman in the north, where in the area of ββJurburg the army band adjoined the band of the 8th army to the easternmost point the so-called Suvalki ledge in the south, from which the left flank of the army passed east along the Druskininkai - Oshmyany line , adjacent to the defense zone of the Western Special Military District . The army command was stationed in Kaunas .
On June 22, 1941, the army was in the process of being advanced to the border. Directly in front of the army, the defense was occupied by the border units of the 107th border detachment and engineer units at the construction of fortifications. By the beginning of the war, they managed to take up the defense from north to south: 2 battalions and one rifle regiment of the 5th infantry division from Neman and south, west of Luksha , 3 infantry battalions and reconnaissance battalion of the 33rd infantry division west of Pilviska , 4 battalions of the 188th infantry divisions (all within the 16th Infantry Corps ), 3 battalions of the 126th Infantry Division , 1 battalion and 1 regiment of the 128th Infantry Division and 2 battalions of the 23rd Infantry Division (all under army command). The 10th , 28th, 2nd , 6th and 5th army corps, the 39th and 57th motorized corps acted against the army. Thus, in the army strip, the adjacent southern flank of Army Group North and the northern flank of Army Group Center were hit.
The advantage of the German forces, especially in the main strips, was overwhelming. The main blow in the armyβs lane was dealt on its left flank, where on June 22, 1941 parts of the 3rd Panzer Group launched a powerful strike in the general direction on Alytus - Vilnius , which immediately crushed the border units, and few who managed to deploy on the border of the army the composition of the 126th Infantry Division , the 128th Infantry Division and the 23rd Infantry Division . North of the 2nd Army Corps, it struck from the southwest and from the south went to Kaunas, crushing parts of the 188th Infantry Division. The 5th and 33rd rifle divisions were between the units of the 2nd Army Corps and the units of the 16th Field Army , striking in the strip of the Soviet 8th Army, and were able to relatively eastward retreat under pressure from the front of the German units . Thus, on the very first day of the war, the 11th army was cut off from the parts of the 8th army from the north, cut off from the parts of the Western Front from the south (thereby the North-Western Front was cut off from the Western Front ), and even cut in half by an attack on Kaunas
Parts of the 3rd tank group by the middle of the day on June 22, 1941 reached Alytus . The scattered Soviet units approaching the border could not show any resistance and were destroyed by the German infantry formations following the motorized units. Often the following picture was observed: German tanks followed the roads, and Soviet units retreated along the fields near the fields in the same direction. The 3rd mechanized corps - a powerful tank formation of the army - on June 22, 1941 as a single organizational unit practically did not exist, and in front of Alytus the German troops ( 7th Panzer Division and 20th Panzer Division ) met only not having time to take the battle order 5 1st tank division . The German units immediately captured two crossings over the Neman in Alytus and one further to the south, in Merkin. The battles in Alytus were fought all day, but this could not hold back the German troops and they rushed to Vilnius , tentatively destroying the 5th Panzer Division on the morning of June 23, 1941.
The German units advancing in Kaunas by the evening of June 22, 1941 were 60 kilometers south of the city and did not stop moving.
All disorganized remnants of the army went to Kaunas, Vilnius, partly to adjacent regions of Belarus .
On June 24, 1941, the German units took Vilnius and Kaunas, and after that one does not have to talk about any organized actions of the army at all. Moreover, there was no connection with her: the front command decided that the army headquarters was captured (apparently his reports seemed so unrealistic) and from June 24, 1941 ceased all communication with the army headquarters. [1] .
The scattered remnants of the army units tried to find a way out, but there was only one way - to the east in a general direction to Polotsk . The army was discovered only on June 30, 1941.
From the telegram of the Chief of the General Staff G.K. Zhukov :
βIn the area of ββDovgilmishki, Koltynyany stations, forests west of Sventsyany, the 11th Army of the North-Western Front was found, departing from the Kaunas region. The army does not have fuel, shells, food stuffs. The army does not know the situation and what to do. "The Headquarters of the High Command ordered under your personal responsibility to immediately organize the withdrawal of this army from the Sventsyany region to the region north of the Dvina ..."
At that time, the army lost up to 75% of military equipment and about 60% of its personnel.
The remnants of the army, including the headquarters, went to their own in the area of Polotsk in early July 1941 and by July 9, 1941 the command was transferred to the Pskov area, where it was given command of other units. On this, the participation of the army in the defense of the Baltic states was completed.
- Leningrad Strategic Defensive Operation (1941)
In July 1941, the 11th Army, which had withdrawn from operational surroundings, received troops in the Dno area: it united under its command the troops of the 22nd and 24th Rifle Corps and the 1st Mechanized Corps .
- Kingisepp-Luga Frontline Defensive Operation (1941)
- Counterattacks by enemy forces in the areas of Soltsy, Porkhov, Novorzhev (1941)
- Counterattacks by enemy groupings in the areas of Staraya Russa and Kholm (1941)
- Counterattacks by enemy forces in the areas of Soltsy, Porkhov, Novorzhev (1941)
- Demian Frontline Defense Operation (1941)
- Kingisepp-Luga Frontline Defensive Operation (1941)
1942
- Demian Offensive Operation (1942)
1943
- Demian Offensive Operation (1943)
- Old Russian operation in March 1943.
At the beginning of April 1943, the army command was withdrawn to the reserve of the Supreme Command Headquarters near Tula , the troops were transferred to the 68th Army . July 30, 1943 transferred to the subordination of the commander of the Bryansk Front .
- Oryol Strategic Offensive Operation (1943)
- Bolkhov-Oryol front-line offensive operation (1943)
- Bryansk offensive operation (1943)
October 23, 1943 transferred to the subordination of the Commander of the Belorussian Front (Army General K.K. Rokossovsky ).
- Gomel-Rechitsa offensive operation (1943)
Disbandment
The army troops were transferred to the 48th and 63rd armies on December 18-20, 1943, its field control was withdrawn to the front reserve and disbanded.
Guide
Commanders:
- Medvedev, Nikifor Vasilievich , division commander , corps commander (04.11.1939), lieutenant general (4.6.1940): from September 1939 to July 1940
- Morozov, Vasily Ivanovich , lieutenant general , from July 26, 1940 to November 18, 1942
- Kurochkin, Pavel Alekseevich , lieutenant general , from 11/18/1942 to 03/15/1943
- Lopatin, Anton Ivanovich , lieutenant general , from 03/15/1943 to 07/14/1943
- Fedyuninsky, Ivan Ivanovich , lieutenant general , from 07/14/1943 to 12/23/1943
Members of the Military Council:
- Zuev, Ivan Vasilievich , Division Commissioner , from 03.22.1941 to 12.13.1941
- Pronin, Alexei Mikhailovich , division commissioner , from 12/23/1941 to 12/28/1941
- Kolonin, Semyon Efimovich , Division Commissioner , from 12/28/1941 to 07/03/1942
- Ivanchenko, Zakhary Fedorovich , brigade commissar , from 07/03/1942 to 08/11/1942
- Pankov, Sergey Ivanovich , Major General from 08/15/1942 to 12/23/1943
Chiefs of Staff:
- Sazonov, Kuzma Ivanovich , Colonel, from September 1939 to October 1939
- Pavlovich, Anton Alexandrovich , brigade commander, from October 1939 to July 1940
- Shlemin, Ivan Timofeevich , Major General , from July 1940 to 05/20/1942
- Shmygo, Ivan Stepanovich , Major General , from 05.22.1942 to 12.31.1942
- Korneev, Nikolai Vasilievich , Major General , from December 31, 1942 to December 20, 1943
Battle
The list of formations and military units that were part of the army
At different times, the army included:
Rifle and cavalry units
Enclosures
Divisions
|
Brigades
|
Other separate units
Fortified areas
|
Artillery and mortar formations
|
|
|
Tank and mechanized formations
Enclosures
Divisions
Brigades
Separate shelves
| Separate tank battalions
Separate self-propelled shelves
Aerosled parts
|
Aviation
Aviation was brought to the control of the Army Air Force .
Divisions
- 7th Mixed Aviation Division
- 57th Mixed Aviation Division
Shelves
- 21st Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment
- 38th Fighter Aviation Regiment
- 161st Fighter Aviation Regiment
- 517th Fighter Aviation Regiment
- 645th Light Bomber Aviation Regiment
- 674th Light Bomber Aviation Regiment
- 676th Light Bomber Aviation Regiment
- 677th Mixed Aviation Regiment
Engineering and sapper parts
Brigades
Shelves
Battalions
|
|
Army Monthly Combat
| Date (as part of the front) | Rifle and cavalry units | Artillery and mortar compounds | Tank and mechanized units | Aviation | Engineering and sapper parts | Flamethrower parts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 06/22/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 16 sk (5, 33, 188 sd), 29 sk (179, 184 sd), 23, 126, 128 sd, 42 (Ε iauliai), 46 (TelΕ‘ai), 45 UR | 10 art. PTO brigade, 270, 448, 615 cap, 110 h / p b / m and 429 hap RGK, 19, 247 ozad | 3 mk (2, 5 td, 84 ppm, 5 mtsp) | - | 38 oib | - |
| 07/01/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 16 sk (5, 33, 188 sd), 41 sk (111, 118, 235 sd), 90, 126, 128 sd, 42 UR | 10 art. PTO brigade, 448 cap, 110 h / p m, 429 hap RGK, 19 ozad | 1 mk (3 td, 163 ppm, 5 mtsp), 202 ppm | - | 38 oib | - |
| 07/10/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 16 sk (70, 237 sd), 41 sk (111, 118, 235 sd), 22 sk (180, 182 sd), 183 sd | 9 art. VET team, 614 cap, 698 ap VET | 1 mk (3 td, 163 ppm, 5 mtsp) | - | 4 and 30 pmp | - |
| 08/01/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 22 ck (180, 182, 254 cd), 24 ck (181, 183 cd), 398 cn (118 cd), 21 and 28 msec | 264, 613, 614 cap, 698 ap PTO, Dep. ap VET (Major Bogdanov), 111 ozad | 202, 163 ppm, 5 mtsp, 41 ref | - | 28, 38 | - |
| 09/01/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 180, 182, 183, 202, 254 SD, 21 MSP | 9 art. VET team, 614 cap, 698 ap VET, 11, 23 ozad | 87, 110 | 7 garden | 28, 38 est, 202 osb | - |
| 10/01/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 180, 182, 183, 202, 254 SD, 21 MSP | 9 art. VET team, 614 cap, 698 ap VET, 11, 23 ozad | 87, 110 | 7 garden | 28, 38 est, 202 osb | - |
| 11/01/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 26, 84, 182, 202, 254 sd | 264, 614 ap RVGK, 3 Guards. mp | 103 select | - | 28, 38 est, 202 osb | - |
| 12/01/1941 ( Northwest Front ) | 26, 84, 182, 202, 254 sd | 264 dads, 614 ap RVGK, 698 ap PTO, 2/3 Guards. mp | 103 select | - | 28, 38 est, 202 osb | - |
| 01/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 84, 180, 182, 188, 254 sd | 264, 614 ap, 46 ogv. mdn | 103, 150, 161 | - | 25 est, 202, 1390, 1391 osb | - |
| 02/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 84, 180, 182, 188, 254 cd, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 70, 71 | 264, 614 ap, 759 ap PTO, 32, 46 ogv. mdn, 19 ozad | 103, 150, 161 otb, 24 oesc | 57 garden | 25, 38 oib, 202, 1390, 1391 osb | - |
| 03/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 84, 180, 182, 188, 384 sd, 56 sbr, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 | 11 guards., 264 dads, 759 ap PTO, 46 ogv. mdn | 103, 150, 161 otb, 10, 11, 14, 27, 34 oaesb | 161 IAP, 674, 676 lbap | 25, 38, 202 est, 1316 osb | - |
| 04/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 26, 84, 182, 188, 254, 384 sd, 46, 50, 56 sbr, 62, 84 sea sbr, 25, 27, 234, 240, 271, 272 olyzhb | 11 guards., 264, 643 dads, 841 haps, 759 ap vocational schools, 167 min., 46 ogv. mdn, 228/27 guards. mp | 85, 103, 150, 161 | 161 IAP, 674 lbap | 25, 38, 202 est, 1316 osb | - |
| 05/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 26, 55, 84, 182, 188, 200, 202, 254, 282, 370, 384 sd, 46, 52, 116, 144, 157, 161 sbr, 62, 74, 84 sea sbr, 25, 27, 240, 248, 271, 272 ski passes | 11 guards, 264 aap, 191, 1199 hap b / m, 305, 382 hap, 643, 841 dads, 719, 759 ap PTO, 22, 27, 39 guards, 105, 167 min, 46 og. mdn, 242, 246 ozadn | 83 tbr, 85, 123, 150, 161, 238, 470, 471, 482, 483 | 38, 161, 517 IAP, 645, 674 lbap | 25, 38, 202, 1391 est, 86 pmb, 1316, 1732 osb | - |
| 06/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 26, 55, 200, 202, 282, 370 sd, 52, 116, 126, 127, 133, 144, 145, 151, 157, 161 sbr, 90 UR | 264 aap, 191 hap b / m, 305, 382 hap, 643, 841 dads, 467 paws, 105, 116, 121 min, 22, 39 guards. mp, 242 ozadn | 69 tbr, 150, 161, 238, 470, 471, 482 | 21 guards, 645 lbap | 12, 112 | - |
| 07/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 50, 200, 202, 282, 370 sd, 116, 126, 127, 133, 144, 145, 151, 161 sbr, 90 UR | 264 aap, 643, 841 dads, 305, 382 hap, 467 paws, 105, 116, 121 min, 22, 39 guards. mp, 242 ozadn | 69 tbr, 150, 161, 470, 471, 482 | - | 15, 202 oib, 54, 101 pmb, 1316, 1391 osb | - |
| 08/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 22 and 28 guards., 55, 170, 200, 202, 282, 370 sd, 126, 127, 133, 144, 145, 151, 161 sbr, 333, 359 opab | 264 aap, 643, 841, 1235 dads, 305, 382, ββ429 hap, 458, 467 iptap, 105, 116 minp, 22, 26 and 39 guards. mp, 81, 82 guards. tmp, 442 ozadn | 33, 60, 117 TBR, 150, 161, 470, 471, 482 | - | 15, 202 oib, 54 pmb, 1259, 1316, 1391 osb | - |
| 09/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 22 and 28 guards., 55, 170, 200, 201, 202, 282, 370, 384 sd, 126, 127, 144 sbr | 264 aap, 305, 382, ββ429 hap, 643, 841, 1235 pap, 467 iptap, 105, 116 minp, 22 and 26 guards. mp, 82 guards. tmp, 443 ozadn | 60 tbr, 150, 161, 411, 470, 482 | - | 15, 202, 1391 est, 54 pmb, 1259, 1316 osb | - |
| 10/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 22 and 28 guards., 55, 200, 202, 282, 370, 384 sd, 126, 127 sbr | 264 aap, 305, 382 hap, 841, 1235 dads, 467 iptap, 105, 116 minp, 22, 26 (without 227 da) guards. mp, 82 guards. tmp (without 82 dn) | 60 tbr, 150, 161, 411, 482 | - | 15, 202, 277, 284, 1391 oib, 54 pmb | - |
| 11/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 22, 28 and 43 guards., 55, 170, 200, 202, 282, 370, 384 sd, 126, 127, 133, 144, 151 sbr | 264 aap, 191 hap b / m, 229, 231, 305, 315, 382, ββ429 hap, 643, 841, 1235 dads, 467 iptap, 102, 105, 116 min, 22, 26, 39 guards. mp, 82 guards. tmp, 513, 514, 541, 542, 543, 544 ogv. tmdn, 1274 zenap | 60 tbr, 161, 411, 482 | - | 202, 277, 284 | - |
| 12/01/1942 ( Northwest Front ) | 28 and 43 guards., 26, 170, 202, 253, 282, 370, 384 sd, 126, 133, 144, 151 sbr, 40 ski | 191 hap b / m, 231, 305, 315, 382, ββ429 hap, 643, 841, 1235 pap, 467 iptap, 102, 105, 116 minp, 22, 26, 39 guards. mp, 82 guards. tmp, 513, 514, 541, 542, 543, 544 ogv. tmdn, 1274 zenap | 60, 83 tbr, 3 guards., 239, 249 off, 161, 411, 482 off | - | 50, 161, 163, 166, 202, 223, 277 oib, 54, 92 pmb | - |
| 01/01/1943 ( Northwest Front ) | 12 guards sk (management), 28 and 43 guards., 26, 55, 170, 202, 253, 282, 370 sd, 20, 87, 126, 144, 151 sbr, 40 ski | 26 hell (75 labs, 72 pabr, 77 gabr, 24 minbr), 11 guards., 1235 aap, 191 hap BM, 481 minp, 9 ogv. mbr, 26 guards mp (without 225 da), 22, 39 guards. mp, 82 guards. tmp, 44 zenad (508, 708, 710, 1274 zenap) | 260, 83 tbr, 3, 11 and 12 guards., 56, 58, 239 off, 85, 482, 513, 514 | 677 glanders | 50, 202, 223, 277 oib, 54 pmb | - |
| 02/01/1943 ( Northwest Front ) | 12 guards sk (26, 202, 282 sd), 28 and 43 guards., 55, 163, 188, 254, 370 sd, 20, 87, 126 sbr, 40 ski | 26 hell (75 lab, 72 pabr, 77 gabr, 24 minbr), 11 guards. aap, 1235 dads, 191 hap BM, 481 minp, 8 ogv. mbr, 22, 26, 39 guards. mp, 44 zenad (508, 708, 710, 1274 zenap) | 60 tbr, 3 guards., 56, 227, 239 off, 514 off | - | 13 iminbr, 50, 202, 223, 277 oib, 54 pmb | - |
| 03/01/1943 ( Northwest Front ) | 163, 188, 200, 254 sd, 15, 20, 87, 126, 147 sb | 26 hell (75 labs, 72 pubres, 77 gabr, 24 minbr), 1235 dads, 191 hap BM, 481 minp, 39, 95 guards. mp, 44 zenad (508, 708, 710, 1274 zenap) | 60 tbr, 3 guards., 56, 227, 239 off, 514 off | - | 13 iminbr, 202, 223, 277 oib, 54 pmb | - |
| 04/01/1943 ( Northwest Front ) | 163, 188, 200 sd, 20, 126, 147 sbr | 151 dads, 395 hap, 1040 iptap, 279, 481 minp, 508 zenap (44 zenad) | 60 tbr, 56, 227 off, 514 off | - | 202, 277 oib, 54 pmb | - |
| 05/01/1943 (Reserve HCV Bet ) | 77 and 80 guards., 96, 135, 260, 273, 308 sd | 1179, 1321 iptap, 481 minp | - | - | 202, 277 oib | - |
| 06/01/1943 (Reserve HCV Bet ) | 4, 96, 135, 197, 260, 273, 323, 369 sd | 1179, 1321 iptap, 481 minp, 90 guards. mp | - | - | 202, 277 oib | - |
| 07/01/1943 (Reserve HCV Bet ) | 53 sk (135, 197, 369 sd), 4, 96, 260, 273, 323 sd | 1179, 1321 iptap, 481 minp, 90 guards. mp, 31 zenad (1376, 1380, 1386, 1392 zenap) | 225 otp | - | 202, 277 oib | - |
| 08/01/1943 ( Bryansk front ) | 53 sk (135, 197, 369 sd), 4, 96, 260, 273, 323 sd | 1179, 1321 iptap, 481 minp, 90 guards. mp, 31 zenad (1376, 1380, 1386, 1392 zenap) | 8 guards., 42, 225 | - | 202, 277 oib, 85 pmb | - |
| 09/01/1943 ( Bryansk front ) | 25 sk (197, 323 sd), 46 sk (4, 238, 273 sd), 53 sk (96, 135, 186, 260 sd), 369 sd | 1179, 1321 iptap, 481 minp, 90 guards. mp, 31 zenad (1376, 1380, 1386, 1392 zenap) | 142, 231 | - | 202, 277, 344, 738 | - |
| 10/01/1943 ( Bryansk front ) | 25 sk (197, 217, 323 sd), 53 sk (4, 96, 260, 273 sd) | 1179 iptap, 481 minp, 31 zenad (1376, 1380, 1386, 1392 zenap) | 42, 231, 253 sp, 1444 glanders | - | 202, 277 oib | - |
| 11/01/1943 ( Bryansk front ) | 25 sk (4, 217, 273 sd), 53 sk (96, 197, 260, 323 sd) | 1179 iptap, 481 minp, 31 zenad (1376, 1380, 1386, 1392 zenap) | 42, 231, 253 sp, 1444 glanders | - | 202, 277 oib | - |
| 12/01/1943 ( Belarusian front ) | 25 sk (4, 217, 273 sd), 53 sk (96, 197, 260, 323 sd) | 22 hell (13 lab, 59 pabr, 63 gabr), 5 guards. md (16, 22 and 23 guards. mbr), 1179 iptap, 481 minp, 37 and 92 guards. mp, 31 zenad (1376, 1380, 1386, 1392 zenap) | 231, 253 otp, 1444 glanders | - | 84, 202, 277, 386, 741 oib, 131 pmb | - |
Links
Literature
Notes
- β Technical communication remained, but the command of the 11th Army, as a result of negotiations, decided that the headquarters of the North-Western Front was captured, and in turn the headquarters of the North-Western Front decided the same. D. Egorov . June 41st. The rout of the Western Front - M .: Yauza. Eksmo, 2008 - ISBN 978-5-699-27810-7 .