Fitzalans

Until the end of the 19th century, the genealogy of the Fitzalans and Stuarts led to the legendary Scottish Ten Banco, mentioned in the Holinshead Chronicle . In Shakespeare’s tragedy , “ Macbeth, ” Banco is bred as one of King Macbeth’s associates. The royal throne predicted his witch descendants and Macbeth, who learned about it, ordered to kill Banco. At present, however, the Breton origin of the Fitzalans is considered established. The founder of the house - Alan Fitz-Flaad was a medium-sized Breton knight, whose ancestors held the position of seneschal at the court of the Seniors Dole . At the beginning of the reign of Henry I, Alan moved to England, where he received from the king a number of land holdings in Shropshire along with Oswestry Castle.

Clan Castle, the residence of the first Fitzalans

His youngest son, Walter Fitz-Alan , during the Civil War of 1135 - 1154, became close to the Scottish King David I and moved to Scotland. David I granted Walter vast lands in Renfrewshire and appointed him his seneschal ( Lord Steward ). This post became hereditary in the family of Walter Fitz-Alan and gave the name of the name of his descendants - Stuart . In 1371, Robert Stuart ascended the Scottish throne, establishing the royal Stuart dynasty. In 1603, the Stuarts also inherited the throne of England.

The eldest son of Alan Fitz-Flaad, William Fitz-Alan, remained in England. During the civil war, he supported the Empress Matilda and achieved the expansion of his Shropshire possessions, annexing the castle and the seigneur Clan . His descendants adopted the surname Fitzalan, which meant " son, a descendant of Alan ." During the first century of the history of the Fitzalan family, they remained relatively small barons of the Welsh brand and did not play a significant role in the political life of England. Their coming to the fore in the midst of the English aristocracy was connected with the marriage of John Fitzalan (d. 1240) to the heiress of the noble family of d'Aubigny, whose representatives possessed the title of Counts Arundel and extensive possessions in southern and southeastern England. His son inherited the title of Count Arundel in 1243 along with the castle of the same name in Sussex , which became the main residence of the Fitzalans.

In the second half of the 13th century, the descendants of John Fitzalan, 6th Earl of Arundel (d. 1267), actively participated in the English expansion in Wales and subjugated territories along the upper and middle reaches of Dee . Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel (d. 1326), played one of the leading roles in the political struggle in England at the beginning of the 14th century , being at first one of the leaders of the Lord Lords movement against Edward II and his favorite Pierce Gaveston , and then crossing to the side of the king and the Despensers . After the coup d'etat of Mortimer and Queen Isabella in 1326, Count Arundel was arrested and executed. The possessions and titles of the Fitzalans were returned to his son Richard, 10th Earl of Arundel (d. 1376), who in the reign of Edward III held leading posts in the English administration in Wales, the Scottish Marks and Aquitaine , and also led the actions of the English military formations in the battles at Sluice and Crécy during the Hundred Years War . In 1361, he inherited part of the vast possessions of the house of de Varennes and the title of Count of Surrey .

The sons of Richard Fitzalan at the turn of the XIV - XV centuries were one of the most influential English aristocrats. The eldest, Richard, the 11th Earl of Arundel (d. 1397), reached the post of Admiral of the Navy of England and led the movement of Lords of Appeal against King Richard II , but was arrested and executed in 1397 . The younger, Thomas Arundel (d. 1414), was elected Archbishop of Canterbury and became one of the organizers of the overthrow of Richard II and the reign of Henry IV , in which he took over as Lord Chancellor of England and became the de facto head of the royal administration. As Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Arundel became famous for his struggle with the Lollards and the brutal persecution of heretics . A prominent place in the administration of Henry IV was also occupied by Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel (d. 1415), who led the suppression of the uprising of Owain Glendour in Wales and Richard le Scroop in Northern England, and also led the English expeditionary force aimed at fighting the Armagnacs in France. Earl Arundel achieved even greater influence under Henry V , but in 1415 he died during the siege of Arfleur .

After his death, the influence of the Fitzalans somewhat decreased. During the war of the Scarlet and White Roses, representatives of the genus initially supported the Lancaster , but then switched to the York side, which ensured the preservation of possessions after the accession of Edward IV . The last Fitzalan - Henry, the 19th Earl of Arundel (d. 1580), during the reign of Edward VI occupied one of the leading places in the royal administration and took an active part in the struggle for power in the country. He did not support the project to transfer the throne to Lady Jane Gray and contributed to the accession of Mary Tudor . Although under Elizabeth I Arundel was involved in several conspiracies, he retained his titles and possessions and gained fame as the patron of the arts and sciences. With his death in 1580, the Fitzalanov house was shut down. His possessions and the title of Count Arundel were inherited by the Howard family.

Seneschali Share and Seniors Oswestry

Alan , hereditary Seneschal Share , mentioned under 1045 ;

1. Alan (d. C. 1097), Seneschal Dole, participant in the First Crusade and the siege of Nicaea in 1097 ;
2. Flaad (d. C. 1106), Seneschal Share, mentioned under 1101/1102 year ;
   1. Alan Fitz-Flaad (d. C. 1114), Senior Oswestry ; wife: Evelina de Hesden;
      1. William Fitz-Alan (d. 1160), lord of Oswestry and the Clan , supporter of Empress Matilda , Sheriff of Shropshire ; 1st wife: Christiana, niece of Robert of Gloucester ; 2nd wife: Isabella de Say, daughter of Elia de Say, the lord of the Clan ( Shropshire );
         1. (from 1st marriage) Christian, married to Hugo Pantulf from Vern .
         2. (from 2nd marriage) William Fitz-Alan II (c. 1154–1212), lord of the Clan and Oswestry; wife: unknown;
            1. William Fitzalan III (d. 1213), lord of the Clan and Oswestry; wife: Maria, daughter of Thomas derington;
               1. William Fitzalan IV (d. 1216);
            2. John Fitzalan (d. 1240), lord of the Clan and Oswestry; 1st wife: Isabella d'Aubigny (d. Before 1240), daughter of William d'Aubigny , 3rd Earl of Arundel ; 2nd wife: Havisa de Blankminster;
               1. John Fitzalan (1223–1267), Lord of the Clan and Oswestry, 6th Earl of Arundel (c 1243, did not possess the title during his lifetime, earl recognized in 1433), heir to the possessions of the house of d'Aubigny, participant in the English expansion in Wales ; wife: Maud de Verdant (d. 1263), daughter of Theobald le Botillier, Baron Butler
                  Further see below: Counts Arundel ;
         3. Alan.
      2. Walter Fitz-Alan (d. 1177), Senor Renfrew , 1st Lord Steward of Scotland , founder of the Stuart dynasty; wife: Eokhina de Mol;
      3. Yordan Fitz-Alan, Seneschal Share, mentioned under 1130 ; wife: Maria. The line of his descendants - the hereditary Seneschals Share - died out at the beginning of the XIII century ;
3. Rivallon, monk at the monastery of St. Florent in Samur .

Counts Arundel

John Fitzalan, 6th Earl of Arundel (1223–1267), Lord of the Clan and Oswestry; wife: Maud de Verdant (d. 1263), daughter of Theobald le Botillier, Baron Butler ;

1. John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel (1246–1272), Lord of the Clan, Oswestry, and Arundel ; wife: Isabella de Mortimer (d. after 1300), daughter of Roger Mortimer , 1st Baron Wigmore (see: Mortimers );
   1. Richard Fitzalan, 8th Earl of Arundel (1267-1302), Lord of the Clan and Oswestry, was recognized as Earl of Arundel in 1289 , a participant in the wars in Wales and Scotland; wife (until 1285): Alasia di Saluzzo (d. 1292), daughter of Tomaso I , Margrave of Saluzzo ;
      1. Edmund Fitzalan, 9th Earl of Arundel (1285-1326), Lord Ordiner , later Ally of the Despensers and Edward II , executed after the coup of Roger Mortimer ; wife (1305): Alice de Varenna (d. 1338), daughter of William de Varenna (d. 1286), sister and heiress of John de Varenna , 8th Earl of Surrey (see: Varenna );
         1. Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel (1313–1376), father's possessions and titles returned in 1330 , heir to the lands of House de Varennes , 9th Earl of Surrey (c 1361), supreme judge of North Wales, commander of the English forces in the Scottish Marks , Lieutenant General of Aquitaine , commander, participant in the battles of Sluis and Cresi ; 1st wife (1321, ann. 1344): Isabella de Despenser, daughter of Hugh Dispenser the Younger , favorite of Edward II; 2nd wife (1345): Eleanor Lancaster (d. 1372), daughter of Henry Plantagenet , 3rd Earl of Lancaster ;
            1. (from the 1st marriage, admitted unlawful.) Edmund de Arundel (d. 1377); wife (until 1349): Sibylla de Montague, daughter of William de Montague , 1st Earl of Salisbury ;
               1. Alice de Arundel; husband: Sir Leonard Carew (d. 1370);
               2. Philippe de Arundel (d. 1399); 1st husband: Richard Sergio (d. 1393); 2nd husband: Sir John Cornwall (d. 1443);
            2. (from the 1st marriage, admitted unlawful.) Maria de Arundel (d. 1396); husband: John Lestrange (d. 1361), 4th Baron Strange;
            3. (from the 2nd marriage) Edmund Fitzalan (1346–1366);
            4. (from 2nd marriage) Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel , 10th Earl of Surrey (1346–1397), member of the Regency Council under Richard II , Admiral of England, Lord Appeal , executed in 1397 ; 1st wife (1359): Elizabeth de Bohun (d. 1385), daughter of William de Bohun , 1st Earl of Northampton (see Bohuns ); 2nd wife (1390): Philip Mortimer (d. 1401), daughter of Edmund Mortimer , 3rd Earl of March (see: Mortimers );
               1. (from the 1st marriage) Eleanor Fitzalan (d. 1375); husband (1371): Robert de Ufford (d. 1375), son of William de Ufford , Earl of Suffolk ;
               2. (from the 1st marriage) Elizabeth Fitzalan (d. 1425); 1st husband (1378): William de Montague (d. 1382), son of William de Montague , 2nd Earl of Salisbury ; 2nd husband (1384): Thomas Mowbray (1399), 1st Duke of Norfolk ; 3rd husband (1401): Sir Robert Goesel; 4th husband (1414): Sir Gerard Afflith;
               3. (from the 1st marriage) Joan Fitzalan (1375-1435); husband: William Boshan (d. 1411), Lord Abergavenny , son of Thomas Boshan , 11th Earl of Warwick ;
               4. (from the 1st marriage) Alice Fitzalan; husband (before 1392): John Cherleton (d. 1401), Lord Cherleton;
               5. (from the 1st marriage) Thomas Fitzalan, 12th Earl of Arundel , 11th Earl of Surrey (1381-1415), father's possessions and titles returned in 1400 , participant in the suppression of the uprising of Owain Glendour in Wales and the trial of Richard le Scroop , died during the siege of Arfleur ; wife (1405): Brita of Portugal (d. 1439), the side daughter of Juan I , king of Portugal ;
               6. (from the 1st marriage) Margarita Fitzalan; husband: Sir Rowland Lenthol;
               7. (from the 2nd marriage) John Fitzalan (1394-1397);
            5. (from the 2nd marriage) Joanna Fitzalan (1347-1419); husband (1359): Humphrey de Bohun (d. 1373), 7th Earl of Hereford , Earl of Northampton and Earl of Essex (see: Goddesses );
            6. (from the 2nd marriage) Alice Fitzalan (1350-1416); husband (1364): Thomas Holland (d. 1397), 2nd Earl of Kent ;
            7. (from the 2nd marriage) John Fitzalan , Lord Arundel (1351–1379), Marshal of England (from 1377), died in a shipwreck; wife (1359): Eleanor Maltravers (d. 1405), daughter and heiress of John, Lord Maltravers;
               Further see below: Counts Arundel (Maltravers line) .
            8. (from the 2nd marriage) Thomas Fitzalan (1353-1414), Bishop Ely (c 1373), Lord Chancellor of England (1386-1389, 1391-1396, 1399, 1407-1410, 1412-1413), Archbishop of York (c. 1388), Archbishop of Canterbury (c 1396);
            9. (from 2nd marriage) Mary Fitzalan;
            10. (from the 2nd marriage) Eleanor Fitzalan (d. 1366);
         2. Alice Fitzalan; husband (1325): John de Bohun (d. 1336), 5th Earl of Hereford (see: Goddesses );
         3. Alina Fitzalan (d. 1386); husband (1338): Roger Lestrange, Lord Strange (d. 1382);
         4. Katherine Fitzalan (d. 1376); 1st husband (before 1347): Henry Hasi (d. 1349), Lord Hasi; 2nd husband (after 1350): Andrew Peverel (d. Before 1375);
      2. John Fitzalan, priest;
      3. Margarita Fitzalan;
      4. Alice Fitzalan (d. 1340); husband: Stephen de Seigrave (d. 1325), 3rd Lord Seagrave;
      5. Eleanor Fitzalan (?); husband: Henry de Persie (d. 1314), 1st Baron Percy ;
   2. Maud Fitzalan (d. C. 1298); husband: Philip Burnell (d. 1294), Senior Condover ( Shropshire ).

Counts Arundel (Maltravers line)

John Fitzalan , Lord Arundel (1351–1379), Marshal of England (from 1377), died in a shipwreck; wife (1359): Eleanor Maltravers (d. 1405), daughter and heiress of John, Lord Maltravers;

1. John Fitzalan , 2nd Lord Arundel (1364–1390); wife (until 1387): Elizabeth le Despenser (d. 1408), daughter of Edward le Dispenser , 1st Baron Dispenser;
   1. John Arundel (1385-1421), Baron Arundel (from 1390) and Baron Maltravers (from 1405), 13th Earl of Arundel (c 1415), the title is disputed by Mowbray ; wife (1407): Eleanor Berkeley (d. 1455), daughter of Sir John Berkeley;
      1. John Fitzalan, 14th Earl of Arundel , Baron Arundel and Maltravers (1408-1435), earl title recognized in 1433 , ally of John, Duke of Bedford , and participant in wars in France, captain Rouen , Duke of Turen (c 1434); 1st wife: Constance Cornwall (d. 1429), daughter of John Cornwall, Lord Fanhope; 2nd wife: Maud Lovell, daughter of Sir Richard Lovell;
         1. (from the 2nd marriage) Humphrey Fitzalan, 15th Earl of Arundel , Duke of Turen , Baron Arundel and Maltravers (1429-1438);
      2. William Fitzalan, 16th Earl of Arundel (1417–1487), participant in the Scarlet and White Rose War on the side of the Yorkists ; wife (1438): Joan Neville (d. 1462), daughter of Richard Neville , 5th Earl of Salisbury ;
         1. Thomas Fitzalan, 17th Earl of Arundel (1450-1524); wife (1464): Margarita Woodville (d. 1491), daughter of Richard Woodville , 1st Earl of Rivers ;
            1. Уильям Фицалан, 18-й граф Арундел (1475—1544), лорд-камергер Англии (1526—1530); 1-я жена: Элизабет Уиллоуби (ум. 1491), дочь Роберта Уиллоуби, лорда Уиллоуби; 2-я жена: Анна Перси (ум. 1552), дочь Генри Перси , 4-го графа Нортумберленда ;
               1. (от 1-го брака) Маргарет Фицалан;
               2. (от 1-го брака) Элизабет Фицалан;
               3. (from the 2nd marriage) Henry Fitzalan, 19th Earl of Arundel (1512-1580), member of the Regency Council under Edward VI ; 1st wife: Catherine Gray (d. 1452), daughter of Thomas Gray , 2nd Marquis of Dorset ; 2nd wife (1545): Mary Arundel of Lannern (d. 1557);
                  1. (from the 1st marriage) Jane Fitzalan (d. 1576), the first translator of Euripides to English ; husband: John Lumley (d. 1609), Baron Lumley; had no children;
                  2. (from the 1st marriage) Henry Fitzalan (1538–1556), Lord Maltravers, Ambassador to the Court of Ferdinand I , King of Germany ; wife (1555): Anna Wentworth (d. 1581), daughter of Sir John Wentworth;
                  3. (from the 1st marriage) Mary Fitzalan (1540-1557); husband: Thomas Howard (d. 1572), 4th Duke of Norfolk . Their son, Philip Howard (1557-1595), inherited the possessions of the Fitzalans and the title of Count Arundel ;
               4. (from the 2nd marriage) Katherine Fitzalan (d. 1552); husband (1530, development 1533): Henry Gray (d. 1554), son of Thomas Gray , 2nd Marquis of Dorset ;
            2. Edward Fitzalan
            3. Margarita Fitzalan (d. After 1493); husband: John de la Paul (d. 1487), Earl of Lincoln ;
            4. Joan Fitzalan; husband: George Neville (d. 1535), Lord Abergavenny;
         2. William Fitzalan;
         3. John Fitzalan
         4. George Fitzalan;
         5. Mary Fitzalan;
   2. Edmund Arundel;
   3. Thomas Arundel (d. 1430); wife: Joan Moynes;
      1. Eleanor Fitzalan; husband: Sir Thomas Brown, treasurer of the court of Henry V. Their descendant is the poet Percy Shelley ;
2. William Arundel (d. 1400);
3. Richard Arundel (d. 1419);
4. Henry Arundel;
5. Margarita Arundel (d. 1438); husband (1394): William de Ros (d. 1414), Lord Ros.

• Count Arundel
• Count Surrey
• Stuart

• Genealogy and Brief Biographies of the Early Fitzalans According to Burke's Peerage
• Genealogy of Fitzalans on the website of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy (English)
• The Fitzalans Genealogy at Stirnet.com
• Genealogy of Fitsalanov on the website of Miroslav Marek (English)
• The Fitzalans in the history of Wales