Marevye , or Cygnus [2] ( lat. Chenopodioídeae ) - a subfamily of dicotyledonous plants , in the APG III system which is part of the Amaranthaceae family. It includes about 1500 species in 102 genera [3] .
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 White Mary - type species of the genus genus | |||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||
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Chenopodioideae Burnett , 1835 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Type genus | |||||||||||||||||||
Chenopodium L. - Mary | |||||||||||||||||||
| Childbirth | |||||||||||||||||||
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Distribution and Ecology
Subfamily species are distributed mainly on saline soils , in dry steppes and deserts . Many are weeds .
A large amount of pollen belonging to the plants of the Mareva subfamily was found in the burial of the Madeleine culture in the cave of El Miron in northern Spain (municipality of Ramales de la Victoria ) [4] .
Botanical Description
Perennial and annual grasses , shrubs or, less commonly, shrubs and small trees .
Leaves are usually whole, without stipules , can be fleshy or underdeveloped.
The flowers are small, nondescript, in most species they are collected in dense glomeruli, which, in turn, form spike-shaped or paniculate inflorescences , actinomorphic , less zygomorphic , more often five-membered, less often one-three-membered, often with bracts , both bisexual and unisexual the latter case is monoecious, or dioecious. Perianth is simple, often completely absent, usually grassy, only as an exception, corolla-shaped ( Anthlamis ( Anthochlamys )), mostly loose-leafed, less often completely, spliced. Stamens , including one to five, opposite to the tepals, their filaments often fuse into a subpestic disk and alternate with semicircular or other shaped lobes (“staminodes”); anthers at the apex often with various kinds of appendages, flat or vesicular or without appendages. A pistil of two to five carpels with an upper single- ovary ovary with one ovule and two to five stigmas of various shapes. Pollination by insects.
Flower formula : [5] .
The fruit is single-seeded, often dry, with a hard or membranous pericarp or berry-like, unopened or rarely opened by a lid ( Hablitzia ) and Beetroot ( Beta ), sometimes fruit fruit ( Spinacia and Beetroot ) develop. Seeds that occupy a vertical or horizontal position, with a horseshoe-shaped, annular or helically folded embryo , with or without protein .
Economic Significance and Application
Representatives of the family play a predominant role in the landscapes of the flat spaces of the Asian semi-deserts and deserts .
Some types of hodgepodge, quinoa, saltwater are the main summer and, especially, winter food for camels and sheep.
Half-shrub and shrub species of hodgepodge ( Salsola ), along with dung , are used in the deserts as a fuel source, and tree-like saxaul ( Haloxylon ) is harvested for fuel on an industrial scale.
Many species of this family, due to the rich content of mineral salts , especially carbon dioxide, are used to produce potash and soda .
Common beets ( Beta vulgaris ), garden spinach ( Spinacia oleracea ) and quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa ) are of great importance as cultivated plants. Many wild species can be used as food, dyeing or alkaloid plants.
Some species are used in medicine, for example, Richter's hodgepodge ( Salsola richteri ).
Brooms are made from kohii [6] .
Classification
The Marevy family stands out in the Kronquist system and many other plant classifications. Despite this, the systems APG (1998) and APG II (2003), based on molecular studies, include plants of this family in the Amaranthaceae family in the rank of the Chenopodioideae subfamily.
Childbirth
According to the GRIN website, the family includes about 100 genera in 5 subfamilies and 13 tribes [7] :
- Subfamily Betoideae
- Tribe Beteae - Beetroot
- Subfamily Chenopodioideae -
- Tribe Atripliceae - Cygnus
- Tribe Chenopodieae - Hazel
- Tribe Corispermeae - Camelids
- Subfamily Polycnemoideae - Cruciformes
- Tribe Polycnemeae - Flabby, includes one genus Polycnemum L. - Flabby
- Subfamily Salicornioideae - Saline
- Tribe Halopeplideae - Halopeplis tribe (often included in the tribe of saline)
- Tribe Salicornieae - Saltwater
- Subfamily Salsoloideae - Solyankovye
- Tribe Camphorosmeae - Camphorosphae
- Triba Salsoleae - Solyankovye
- Tribe Sclerolaeneae - Sclerolenic
- Subfamily Suaedoideae
- Tribe Biernertieae
- Tribe Suaedeae - Intelligence
The tribe Sarcobateae , previously included in the Marevaya family, can be considered as a monotypic Sarcobataceae family ( Sarcobataceae Behnke ), including the only North American genus - Sarcobatus ( Sarcobatus )
Some genera growing in Russia and neighboring countries: [8]
- Agriophyllum M. bieb. - Kumarchik
- Alexandra Bunge - Alexandra
- Anabasis L. - Blackberry
- Anthochlamys Fenzl - Antochlamis
- Arthrophytum Schrenk - Saksaulchik
- Atriplex L. - Quinoa
- Axyris L. - Bad taste , or Axiris
- Beta L. - Beets
- Bienertia Bunge ex Boiss. - Binertia
- Camphorosma L. - Camphorosma
- Ceratocarpus L. - Stag Beetle
- Chenopodium L. - Mary
- Corispermum L. - Camel
- Cornulaca Delile - Kornulaka
- Gamanthus Bunge - Spine Flower
- Girgensohnia Bunge - Hirgensonia
- Hablitzia M. Bieb. - Gablice
- Halanthium K.Koch - Salt Flower
- Halimocnemis CAMey. - Galimoknemis
- Halocharis Moq. - Halocharis
- Halocnemum M. Bieb. - Sarsazan
- Halogeton CAMey. ex Ledeb. - Halogen
- Halopeplis Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. - Sorovnik
- Halostachys CAMey. ex Schrenk - Solyanokolosnik
- Haloxylon Bunge - Saxaul
- Horaninovia Fisch. & CAMey. - Goraninovia
- Iljinia Korovin - Ilyinia
- Kalidium Moq. - Potashnik
- Kirilowia Bunge - Kirilovia
- Monolepis Schrad. - Sibling
- Nanophyton Less. - nanofiton
- Ofaiston Raf. - Ofiston
- Panderia Fisch. & CAMey. - Panderia
- Petrosimonia Bunge - Petrosimonia
- Piptoptera Bunge - Piptoptera
- Polycnemum L. - Grouse
- Pyankovia Akhani & EH Roalson - Pyankovia
- Rhaphidophyton Iljin - Rafidophyton
- Salicornia L. - Soleros
- Salsola L. - Solyanka
- Seidlitzia Bunge ex Boiss. - Seidlitz
- Spinacia L. - Spinach
- Sympegma Bunge - Simpegma
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Tsvelev N. N. About the Russian names of angiosperms families // News of the systematics of higher plants: a collection. - M. - St. Petersburg. : Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2011. - V. 42. - P. 24-29. - ISBN 978-5-87317-759-2 . - ISSN 0568-5443 .
- ↑ Chenopodiaceae on GRIN Archived April 6, 2011 on the Wayback Machine (English) (Retrieved February 21, 2011)
- ↑ Modest flowers at the grave of the Red Lady
- ↑ Mirkin, B. M., Naumova, L. G., Muldashev, A. A. Higher plants: a short systematics course with the basics of the science of vegetation: Textbook. - 2nd rev. ed. - M .: Logos, 2002 .-- 256 p. - 3000 copies. - ISBN 5-94010-041-4 .
- ↑ Gubanov I.A. et al. Wild useful plants of the USSR / ed. ed. T.A. Rabotnov . - M .: Thought , 1976 .-- S. 112. - 360 p. - ( Reference guides to the geographer and traveler ).
- ↑ According to the GRIN website (see plant card).
- ↑ According to the books “Flora of the USSR” and “Trees and Shrubs of the USSR” (see section Literature ).
Literature
- Sem. 16. Chenopodiaceae Less. - Hazel // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1951. - T. II. Angiosperms. - S. 552-570. - 612 p. - 2500 copies.
- Ilyin M.M.Sem. Liii. Mare - Chenopodiaceae Less. // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1936. - T. 6 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 2—354. - 956, XXXVI p. - 5200 copies.
- Grubov, V.I. The Mist family (Chenopodiaceae) // Plant Life: 6 vol. - V. 5. Part 1. Flowering plants / ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyana. - M.: Education, 1980 .-- S. 374-382.
- Lomonosov, M.N., Krasnikov, A.A. Numbers of chromosomes of some representatives of the Chenopodiaceae family of the flora of Russia // Botan. journal - 2006. - T. 91 , No. 11 . - S. 1757-1759 .
Links
- IPNI Taxonomy (Retrieved October 29, 2009)
- Harem // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. (Retrieved October 29, 2009)
- Hazel - article in the Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary (Retrieved October 29, 2009)