Japonica's butterflies or broad- leaved butterbur [2] ( lat. Petasítes japónicus , syn. Petasites amplus ) is a perennial herbaceous rhizome plant, a species of the genus butterbur ( Petasites ) of the Asteraceae family. It is used as a food and ornamental plant.
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 Japanese butterbur, flower stalks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Petasites japonicus ( Siebold & Zucc. ) Maxim. (1866) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Title
The local population of the Russian Far East calls the plant “burdock” [3] .
Distribution
It grows in Korea , China , Japan . It is found in Russia on the Kuril Islands [2] and Sakhalin Island [4] .
One of the natural symbols of Japanese Akita Prefecture ( Honshu Island).
The plant often forms thickets, being one of the main elements of coarse grass. It is found on the banks of rivers and streams, on sea coasts near the estuaries of streams, in places with flowing moisture, and also in those places in the lower part of the slopes of sea terraces in which there are key outlets. It is also found among large stones on the bottoms of volcanic craters [2] .
Biological Description
Perennial herb with a long branched rhizome with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm.
The growing season of a plant begins with the growth of peduncles, reaching a height of 40 cm. Yellowish-white or yellowish-greenish flowers are collected in baskets . The number of baskets on the peduncle is up to 30 pieces; they are collected in a common corymbose inflorescence. After flowering ends, flower stalks continue to grow, and by the time of fruiting, they can be up to one meter high [5] .
Leaves appear later; in Sakhalin, they develop during May. Plants of this species have the largest leaves, not only among butterbur, but among all plants of the Astrov family in general: the leaf blade reaches 100 cm, and sometimes 150 cm, and the petiole is 200 cm long [6] (the usual length is from 70 up to 150 cm). The leaves are kidney-shaped, bright green or dark green on top and white felt on the bottom. Leaves with the first autumn frosts die off.
Seeds ripen in June. They are able to germinate immediately after ripening.
Application
It was Japanese butterbur that became the first species among butterbur, for which the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of its individual components were scientifically proven.
In Japan, Japanese butterbur is grown as a vegetable crop and eaten, and it began to be cultivated already in the Heian period (at the turn of the first and second millennium). Young inflorescences are harvested in spring and fried in oil or boiled, and leaves in boiled or canned form are used in the preparation of sushi . Two-thirds of all butterbur grown in Japan are in Aichi Prefecture . In Russia, in the menu of Japanese restaurants you can also find this plant - in the description of dishes it appears under the names "fuki" or "marsh rhubarb."
In Sakhalin, in the early summer, petioles of vegetative leaves are harvested and, after special treatment, they are eaten.
Extremely decorative perennial look. It can be used in decorative gardening as a groundcover that can quickly occupy free areas and suppress weeds .
See also the Application section of the butterbur article.
Systematics
Synonyms
- Petasites amplus Kitam. (1932) [2] - The butterbur is wide, or the butterbur is magnificent
According to the database of The Plant List (2013), the synonyms of the species include the following names [7] , and the name Petasites amplus Kitam. is a synonym for the subspecies Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus ( F. Schmidt ex Trautv. ) Kitam. [eight]
- Nardosmia japonica Siebold & Zucc. - Japanese nardosmia
- Nardosmia japonica Sieb ex Sieb ex Zucco
- Nardosmia japonica subsp. japonica
- Petasites albus A.Gray
- Petasites japonicus var. japonicus
- Petasites japonicus subsp. japonicus
- Petasites liukiuensis Kitam.
- Petasites spurius Miq.
- Tussilago petasites Thunb.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Barkalov, 2009 .
- ↑ According to the site, Butterbur is wide // Alley of Russia.
- ↑ According to the Germplasm Resources Information Network ( GRIN ), see the link in the taxon card.
- ↑ Barkalov, 1992 , p. 215-216.
- ↑ Kirpichnikov, 1981 .
- ↑ see TPL taxon card
- ↑ Petasites japonicus subsp. giganteus F. Schmidt ex Kitam. - The Plant List
Literature
- Barkalov B. Yu. Butterbur - Petasites Mill. // Flora of the Kuril Islands . - Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2009 .-- S. 236. - 268 + 12 s. - 300 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8044-1009-5 .
- Kirpichnikov M. E. Family Asteraceae, or Compositae) // Plant Life. In 6 t./ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyana . - M .: Education, 1981. - T. 5. Part 2. Flowering plants. - S. 462—476. - 512 s. - 300,000 copies.
- Sadovsky A.S. We'll strike a butterbur on allergies and migraines // Chemistry and Life: Journal. - 2006. - No. 9 .
- Barkalov V. Yu. Petasites amplus Kitam. - Butterbur wide // Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East: Plain-like, Horsetail, Fern, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms (Flowering): 8 t / hole. ed. S. S. Kharkevich . - SPb. : Science, 1992. - T. 6 / ed. volumes A.E. Kozhevnikov. - S. 215-216. - 428 p. - 850 copies. - ISBN 5-02-026590-X . - ISBN 5-02-026725-2 (t. 6).
- Salavaene M. Butterbur blooms // Science and life. 2006. No. 4.