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Pentenes

Penten-1
cis-pentene-2
Trans-penten-2

Pentenes (amylene) - the general name for unsaturated hydrocarbons of the homologous series of alkenes with the chemical formula C 5 H 10 .

Building

In total, pentenes include 6 isomers, including cis and trans isomers :

  1. penten-1 (α-amylene) CH 2 = CH-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3
  2. cis- penten-2 ( cis- β-amylene) CH 3 -CH = CH-CH 2 -CH 3
  3. transpenten-2 ( trans- β-amylene) CH 3 -CH = CH-CH 2 -CH 3
  4. 2-methylbutene-1 (γ-isoamylene) CH 2 = C (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -CH 3
  5. 3-methylbutene-1 (α-isoamylene) CH 2 = CH-CH (CH 3 ) -CH 3
  6. 2-methylbutene-2 ​​(β-isoamylene) CH 3 -CH = C (CH 3 ) -CH 3

Pentene in its molecular structure has one double bond . 1-pentene and 2-pentene differ in the location of the covalent bond - in the first or second carbon-carbon double bonds. 1-pentene is an alpha olefin .

Properties

Pentenes are low-boiling liquids, insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. The melting point is in the range from -168.5 ° C (3-methylbutene-1) to -137.56 (2-methylbutene-1), the boiling point varies from 20.06 ° C (3-methylbutene-1) to 38 , 57 ° C (2-methylbutene-2).

Pentenes possess all the properties of alkenes.

Getting

Most often, 1-pentene is formed as a by-product of catalytic or thermal cracking of oil or as a by-product of the production of ethylene or propylene by thermal cracking of hydrocarbon fractions .

1-Pentene is unusually stable as a component of the mixture. Therefore, it is mixed with other hydrocarbons and is used to produce gasoline by alkylation with isobutane .

The only commercial manufacturer of 1-pentene, a double-bonded alkene at the end of the linear chain, is the South African petrochemical company Sasol Ltd , which extracts it from crude oil using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process .

Literature

  • Chemical Encyclopedia / Editorial Board: Knunyants I.L. et al. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1992. - T. 3 (Med-Paul). - 639 p. - ISBN 5-82270-039-8 .
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pentenes &oldid = 81758634


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Clever Geek | 2019