Karl von Stürgk ( German: Karl von Stürgkh ; October 30, 1859 , Graz - October 21, 1916 , Vienna ) - Austro-Hungarian statesman, count . Minister of President of Cisleytania in the years 1911-1916.
| Karl von Stürgk | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Paul Gauch von Frankenturn | ||||||
| Successor | Ernest von Kerber | ||||||
| Birth | October 30, 1859 Graz , Duchy of Styria , Austrian Empire | ||||||
| Death | October 21, 1916 (56 years old) Vienna , Austria-Hungary | ||||||
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| Education | |||||||
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| Profession | politician | ||||||
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Known as the author of the idea of the dissolution of the Reichsrat in March 1914. During the July crisis, he advocated holding a military operation against Serbia without parliamentary approval. In office, he died as a result of an assassination attempt by the Social Democrat Frederick Adler .
Content
Biography
Styrian landowner. In 1891 he became a deputy of the Reichsrat, was a member of the group "Faithful Constitutions Large Landowners" ( Verfassungstreuer Großgrundbesitz ). After the introduction of universal suffrage for men in 1907, Stürgk was forced to leave parliament. In 1909 - 1911 - Minister of Education in the offices of R. Binert-Schmerling and P. Gauch von Frankenturn .
On October 28, during the unrest in Vienna caused by price increases, Emperor Franz Joseph I accepted the resignation of the Gauch government and commissioned Stürg to form a new cabinet.
While serving as head of government, Styugk was in conflict with the Reichsrat. Parliamentary regulations did not provide for measures against obstruction, which was widely practiced by Czech deputies. The government made extensive use of the practice of delaying the convening of meetings of the Reichsrat and, in accordance with § 14 of the current Constitution ( 1867 ), administered through temporary imperial orders ( Kaiserliche Verordnungen ). On March 14, 1914, the convocation of the Reichsrat was postponed for 4 months, and as a result, deputies were eliminated from making government decisions after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand during the July crisis.
During the crisis that unfolded in the summer of 1914, Stürgk joined the “military party” advocating for a tough course towards Serbia (Foreign Minister Berchtold , Chief of General Staff Götzendorf , Minister of Finance Bilinsky , War Minister Krobatin ).
After the outbreak of war, the Stürg government, despite the unfolding events, did not, unlike other states involved in the conflict, convene an extraordinary session of parliament and continued the practice of issuing imperial orders instead of laws. Restrictions were introduced on the fundamental rights of citizens, including freedom of the press . The opposition’s demands for the convocation of the Reichsrat were rejected.
On October 21, 1916, Karl von Stürgk was shot dead by the Social Democrat Friedrich Adler during lunch at the Meissl & Schadn's restaurant on Neuer Markt Square in Vienna. Adler waited for Stürgk to sit at a table, took out a revolver and fired three or four shots in the head of the head of government. After that, he shouted: “Down with absolutism, we want peace!” The killer was sentenced to death, but then he was pardoned by Emperor Charles I and sentenced to 18 years in prison. Amnestied by the emperor in the fall of 1918.
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 117677957 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
Literature
- "Stürgk Karl." TSB, 3rd edition.
- "Stürgkh, Karl, Count (Graf) von." Encyclopædia Britannica from Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite.
- Miklós Komjáthy (Hrsg.): Protokolle des Gemeinsamen Ministerrates der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (1914-1918). Budapest 1966.
- Heinz Lemke: Allianz und Rivalität. Die Mittelmächte und Polen im ersten Weltkrieg. Böhlau, Wien / Köln / Graz 1977, ISBN 3-205-00527-9
- Der Mordanschlag gegen den Grafen Stürgkh. In: Österreichische Volks-Zeitung, 22. Oktober 1916.
- Familie Stürgkh ohne Adelsprädikat von. Vgl .: Adolph Lehmann: Stürgkh Karl Gf. - Eintrag in Lehmann's Allgemeiner Wohnungs-Anzeiger. A. Hölder, Wien 1859-1942, Jahrgang 1916, Band 2, [Namensverzeichnis] VII. Nachweis. Einwohner von Wien. S. 1317. Online-Ausgabe: Wienbibliothek im Rathaus, Wien 2010.
- William Jannen, Jr: The Austro-Hungarian Decision For War in July 1914. In: Samuel R. Williamson, Jr, Peter Pastor (Hrsg.): Essays On World War I: Origins and Prisoners of War. New York 1983.
- Leo Valiani: Verhandlungen zwischen Italien und Österreich-Ungarn 1914-1915. In: Wolfgang Schieder (Hrsg.): Erster Weltkrieg. Ursachen, Entstehung und Kriegsziele. Köln / Berlin 1969.