Furmanov, Dmitry Andreevich

Father, Andrei Mikhailovich Furmanov, came from the peasants of the Yaroslavl province ; mother, Evdokia Vasilievna, was from the family of a shoemaker from Vladimir .

In the days of his youth, Furmanov studied at the Kinesham Real School . And although he lived in Kineshma for only about three years (1909-1912), they were important for the formation of his worldview and the formation of character. It was in a real school that Dmitry Furmanov finally decided to devote his life to literature. After his graduation in August 1912, he entered the University of Moscow at the Faculty of Philology, which he graduated in 1915, but did not manage to pass state exams. He took part in the First World War as a brother of mercy of the ROCC , with the rank of ensign. In the ambulance train, he met the sister of mercy Anna Nikitichnoy Steshenko and married her.

October Socialist Revolution and Civil War

In the spring of 1917, he joined the Socialist-Revolutionary-Maximalists , then moved on to the Anarchists . He advanced during a Kornilov speech (August 1917), when he became secretary of the Headquarters of the revolutionary organizations of Ivanovo-Voznesensk . Since September, the deputy chairman of the local Council, supported the October Socialist Revolution, and ordered the arrest of striking postal and telegraph employees. In the summer of 1918 he joined the RCP (b). At the head of the Red Guard detachment took part in the suppression of the Yaroslavl uprising. At this time, he was approaching M.V. Frunze , the then chairman of the provincial committee of the RCP (B.) In Ivanovo-Voznesensk and the military commissar of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province . In the fall of 1918 he became secretary of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky district committee of the RCP (b). At the same time, on behalf of Frunze, who has already become the commissar of the Yaroslavl Military District , he leads propaganda among the military units of the district. At the beginning of 1919, when Frunze was appointed commander of the 4th Army of the Eastern Front , he was also sent as a political worker to the Eastern Front, since March 25, the commissar of the 25th Infantry Division , commanded by V.I. Chapaev . On June 30, 1919, due to a conflict with Chapaev (because of jealousy: Chapaev had an affair with Furmanov’s wife Anna Steshenko ^{[2] [3]} ) transferred from the division to Turkestan. From August 1919 to September 1920, he was the head of the political department of the Turkestan Front , and from the end of 1919, he was an authorized RVSR in Semirechye . On June 12-19, 1920, during the uprising in the garrison of Verny (Alma-Ata), he played a key role in the liquidation of the uprising: Furmanov conducted negotiations with the rebels, dragging out the time until the right parts arrived (he described this episode in the novel " Mutiny " ) Since August 1920 - in the Kuban, the commissar of the landing detachment E. I. Kovtyukha , head of the political department of the IX Kuban army. He participated in the battles against the Ulagaevsky landing , was heavily shell-shocked , and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Writing

In June 1921 he came to Moscow, worked in the literary and publishing department of the Political Administration of the Revolutionary Military Council, a member of the Supreme Military Editorial Council; Since November, he has been managing the editorial board of the journal Military Science and Revolution and at the same time completing philological education at Moscow University (he graduated in 1924). In 1922, his two portraits were created by the artist Sergey Malyutin. Since September 1923, in the State Publishing House - political editor, then editor of the department of modern fiction.

In 1924-1925, the Secretary of the Moscow Association of Proletarian Writers (MAPP).

In 1926 he died of meningitis , was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery.

Prominent Soviet military leader General Khlebnikov , a close friend and colleague of Furmanov’s Chapaev division, recalls the circumstances of his illness and death:

Our listeners asked Dmitry Andreevich to write about Frunze as he wrote about Chapaev. He replied that he himself was thinking about it. Indeed, Furmanov even drew up a plan for the future book, but did not manage to do more. He fell ill with a sore throat, a trifling, in his opinion, illness, but he did not know how to take care of himself. He continued to speak at writers' meetings with a high temperature, demanding the fulfillment of the decisions of the Central Committee of the party on literature, urging that the ranks of writers be cleansed of double-dealing, intriguers and squabbles.

Angina caused a blood poisoning. On March 15, 1926, they called me at the service, asked me to urgently come to the Furmanovs - Dmitry Andreevich became very ill. At Furmanov’s bed, I found several of his closest friends. Among them was the sister of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin - Anna Ilyinichna Ulyanova-Elizarova . Dmitry was delirious. A few hours later he passed away. “The golden man has died,” Anna Ilyinichna said with deep pain.

That's how it happens in life: a young man, full of energy, went unscathed through forty deaths, and died from a disease that he did not pay attention to at first.

- Khlebnikov N. M. Under the crash of hundreds of batteries . - M .: Military Publishing , 1974.

The most famous from the literary heritage of Furmanov was the novel " Chapaev ."

In 1934, based on the materials of this book, the directors the Vasiliev brothers directed a film of the same name , which gained immense popularity in the USSR .

• In 1941, the city of Sereda (Ivanovo region), where the writer D. A. Furmanova was born, was renamed the city ​​of Furmanov .
• In his hometown on October 26, 1958, the D. A. Furmanov Memorial Museum was founded (reopened on October 26, 2005) ^[4] .
• In the city of Furmanov, a monument to the fellow countryman - writer Dmitry Furmanov was erected.
• The name of D. A. Furmanov was given to Ivanovo Pedagogical College.
• Furmanov’s name was given to one of the streets - as an element of urban infrastructure in a number of cities and towns of the USSR.
• In Kineshma, the name of D. A. Furmanov is held by a general education lyceum (former school No. 4, before the revolution - a real school).
• In Moscow, Central number 66 and the children's number 32 of the library. D.A. Furmanova ( Begovaya street , 13 and 1st Botkinsky passage , 4 building 1, respectively).
• In Kazakhstan , the city of Taraz has a memorial plaque on the house where D. A. Furmanov lived for some time in the 1920s.
• The name of D. A. Furmanov from 1961 to 1973 was carried by the Ivanovo Pedagogical Institute, transformed into Ivanovo State University .
• In Alma-Ata , a bust of D. A. Furmanov is placed in the park behind the Sary-Arka cinema , previously located on the former Furmanov street , the corner from the street. Kurmangazy ^[5] .
• In Alma-Ata, in the Severny square below KBTU, in the Alley of Prominent Figures, a bust is mounted on a pedestal.
• A comfortable four-deck motor ship of project 302 (type "Dmitry Furmanov" ) was named in his honor.
• Shuysky State Pedagogical Institute named after D. A. Furmanov (Ivanovo region).
• In honor of D. A. Furmanov, two villages are named in the Marx district of the Saratov region (Furmanovo and Furmanovka).

• Wife - Anna Nikitichna Furmanova
  • daughter - Anna Dmitrievna Furmanova (January 7, 1918– March 16, 2011), a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Honorary Citizen of the city of Furmanova . ^[6]

• Order of the Red Banner (1922) - For command of a detachment during the defeat of the Ulagaevsky landing in 1920.

• Furmanov Dmitry Andreevich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• Furmanov, Dmitry Andreyevich in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• Biography
• Dmitry Andreevich Furmanov
• Commissar and writer (about Dmitry Furmanov)
• Dvina annals of the future commissar of the Chapaev division .