Communist Party of the RSFSR

The idea of ​​creating a separate Communist Party of the RSFSR, by analogy with the parties of the other Union republics, arose in the wake of opposition to the central leadership of the CPSU in various positions. The opposition saw in such a disengagement opportunities for further review of the reforms undertaken by the CPSU Central Committee .

The central leadership decided to calm this excitement by trying to establish alternative party-organizational structures without creating a party. In December 1989, at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU , it was decided to revive the Russian Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee (existing in 1956–1966 as the Bureau of the CPSU Central Committee for the RSFSR ) and some other Russian structures in the CPSU Central Committee ^[2] . Mikhail Gorbachev was elected Chairman of the Russian Bureau.

Such a bureau naturally could not satisfy the opposition. Pressure "from below" increased. Thus, in 1990, the Communist Initiative movement (DKI) was formed, the purpose of which was to form the Russian Communist Party as an alternative to the leadership of the CPSU. The impetus for its creation was the Second Congress of the United Front of the Workers of the USSR (January 1990).

This idea was also supported by a number of opposition-minded delegates of the XXVIII CPSU Congress , representing a number of regional party organizations and part of the central leadership, who united in the Initiative Movement of Communists of the RSFSR .

Top party leadership was forced to agree to the creation of the Russian Communist Party, especially given the elections of people's deputies of the RSFSR held in the spring and the adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR . On 19 - 23 June 1990, the Russian Party Conference was convened, which positioned itself as the Founding Congress of the RSFSR Communist Party (as a part of the CPSU). The conference conference was attended by 2,768 delegates elected to the XXVIII CPSU Congress from the party organizations of the RSFSR. Mikhail Gorbachev, who was present at the congress, supported the proposal to create the Communist Party of Russia ^[3] .

On June 19, 1990, the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPSU resigned its powers, the Central Committee was subsequently elected, and on June 22, Ivan Polozkov was elected First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR.

The work of the First Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR continued in September 1990, where the leadership was finally formed.

The party was a structural part of the CPSU and did not have its own Charter. Thus, all members of the CPSU, who were registered in the primary organizations in the territory of the RSFSR, were members of the KP RSFSR ^[1] . This meant that at the time of creation, the party had about 10 million people. However, by August 1, 1991, only 6,800 thousand members remained in the party ^[4] .

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, Ivan Kuzmich Polozkov, was elected by the Constituent Congress on June 22, 1990. The Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR and the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR were elected by the I Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR on September 7, 1990. In addition to Polozkov, the Political Bureau included:

• Ilyin Alexey Nikolaevich - Second Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, Chairman of the Pskov Regional Council of People's Deputies, First Secretary of the Pskov Regional Committee of the CPSU ,
• Antonovich Ivan Ivanovich (Secretary of the Central Committee for public organizations),
• Zyuganov Gennady Andreevich (Central Committee Secretary for Ideology),
• Kashin Vladimir Ivanovich (Secretary of the Central Committee for Socio-Economic Policy), Chairman of the Silver-Prudsky District Council of People's Deputies,
• Alexander G. Melnikov (Secretary of the Central Committee for the Labor Movement) - First Secretary of the Kemerovo Regional Committee of the CPSU,
• Silkova Nina Prokopyevna (Secretary of the Central Committee for Women) - Deputy Minister of Culture of the USSR,
• Sokolov Alexander Sergeevich (Secretary of the Central Committee for Councils) - Secretary of the Moscow Regional Committee of the CPSU,
• Bryachikhin Alexey Mikheevich - Chairman of the Sevastopol District Council of People's Deputies of Moscow, First Secretary of the Sevastopol District Committee of the CPSU of the City of Moscow,
• Enina Vera Nesterovna - chairman of the collective farm "Victory", Kromsky district, Oryol region,
• Kalinin Nikolay Vasilievich - Commander of the Moscow Military District,
• Kugultinov David Nikitich - poet,
• Lyubimov Nikolay Kholevich - riveter-collector of the Irkutsk Production Aviation Association ,
• Prokopyev Yuri Nikolaevich - First Secretary of the Yakutsk Regional Committee of the CPSU,
• Stepanov Viktor Nikolaevich - Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,
• Frolov Konstantin Vasilievich — vice president of the USSR Academy of Sciences ,
• Chikin Valentin Vasilievich - editor-in-chief of the newspaper " Soviet Russia ",
• Yashin Valery Vasilievich - second secretary of the Leningrad Regional Committee of the CPSU.

Nikolay Sergeyevich Stolyarov, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, was elected by the Constituent Congress on September 5, 1990. At the Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR on May 13, 1991, KV Frolov was relieved of his duties as a member of the Politburo in connection with his election as chairman of the board of the All-Union Knowledge Society .

Being a structural part of the CPSU, the Communist Party of the RSFSR could not participate in the elections. At the Congresses of the People's Deputies of the RSFSR, members of the CPSU (and, consequently, the Communist Party of the RSFSR) were members of various deputy groups. Although the deputy group "Communists of Russia" was created at the I Congress, before the establishment of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, it could not be called a faction of the Russian Communist Party. So, the first secretary of the Communist Party of the RSFSR Polozkov was a member of the Fatherland deputy group. In the Presidential elections of the RSFSR (1991), the Communist Party of the RSFSR officially supported candidates for the posts of President and Vice-President of the RSFSR N. I. Ryzhkov and B. V. Gromov. The radical part of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (known as the Communist Initiative Movement or the initiative congress on the creation of the RCP as part of the CPSU) nominated the secretary of its organizing bureau, Aleksey Sergeyev , as president, but after nominating Albert Makashov as an independent presidential candidate, she agreed that Sergeyev should be paired with him as a candidate for vice -Presidents of the RSFSR.

In 90-91 years. The KP of the RSFSR was often called the RCP (Russian Communist Party). Previously, the same abbreviation was used by radical communists - supporters of the United Workers Front, who convened in Leningrad in 1990 three phases of the initiative congress for the creation of the RCP as part of the CPSU (after the creation of the RSFSR Communist Party, this structure was renamed the Communist Initiative Movement, on its basis in late 1991 RKRP created). In September 1990, at the second stage of the Constituent Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, she confirmed her loyalty to the “socialist guidelines of perestroika”. Since the provisions of Marxism-Leninism practically disappear from the fundamental documents of the party at the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU, this step of the Communist Party of the RSFSR marked the beginning of the open fronde of republican communists with Gorbachev.

At the Plenum of the Central Committee on August 6, 1991, the first secretary, IK Polozkov, was dismissed from the post; Kuptsov Valentin Aleksandrovich was elected first secretary of the Central Committee and Politburo member ^[5] .

The activities of the Communist Party of the RSFSR were suspended by Decree of the President of the RSFSR of August 23, 1991 N 79 "On the suspension of the activities of the Communist Party of the RSFSR", and then terminated by Decree of the President of the RSFSR of November 6, 1991 N 169, the possibility of restoring its leading structures in its former form ruled out the Decision of the Constitutional Court Russian Federation N 9-P dated November 30, 1992 ^[1] . At the same time, the court declared unconstitutional the dissolution of the organizational structures of the primary party organizations of the CPSU - KP RSFSR, formed on a territorial basis.

Despite the ban, the activities of the secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR actually lasted until February 1993, when a restoration congress was held ^[4] . On the basis of the primary organizations, the Communist Party of the RSFSR was recreated as the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ^[6] .

The number of members of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, who became members of the updated Communist Party after the II Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR, did not exceed 500 thousand people. Thus, after the abolition of the ban on the activities of the primary organizations of the CPSU - Communist Party of the RSFSR, more than 6 million members of the Communist Party of the RSFSR refused to continue political activities in its renewed composition.

First Secretaries of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the RSFSR

• Polozkov Ivan Kuzmich (June 22, 1990 - August 6, 1991),
• Kuptsov Valentin Aleksandrovich (August 6, 1991 - February 14, 1993)

• I (founding) Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR (June 20-23, September 5 and 6, 1990, Moscow).
• The Second (Extraordinary) Congress of the Communist Party of the RSFSR or the Unification and Reconstruction Congress (March 13-14, 1993, Klyazma Boarding House, Moscow Region) was held after the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation recognized in 1992 that the dissolution of the leading structures of the Communist Party and Communist Party of the RSFSR was dissolved in accordance with law and in fact non-existent and at the same time declared illegal the dissolution of the primary party organizations of the KP RSFSR formed on a territorial basis of organizational structures provided for by decrees of the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin ^[1] . At a congress on the basis of primary organizations, the Communist Party of the RSFSR was reinstated as the Communist Party.

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