Oizerman, Theodor Ilyich

Theodore (Todres) Oizerman was born into a family of mathematics teachers in the town of Petroverovka (Poplavskoye), Tiraspol district, Kherson province (now the village of Petroverovka, Shiryayevsky district, Odessa region of Ukraine ), located on the bank of the Bolshaya Kuyalnik river. After some time, the family moved to Novomoskovsk , where his father led a private school, and after the revolution worked as a director of a popular boarding school, taught mathematics with his mother and led the local Jewish self-defense unit during the Civil War ^[3] .

Early left without a father, who died suddenly from typhus in 1922 at the age of 42 years ^[4] . He moved with his mother and younger sister Vera (born 1918) to Dnepropetrovsk , where he graduated from the 33rd seven-year school in 1930 and entered the factory school at a local steam engine repair plant. From adolescence he published poems and notes in the Dnepropetrovsk Komsomol newspaper “Future Shift” in the Ukrainian language .

During the “ indigenousization ” campaign in Ukraine, the mother of the future philosopher was dismissed from school for not knowing the Ukrainian language . In 1931, he moved with his mother to the town of Kolchugino, Vladimir region , she got a job at a secondary school, and he was hired as an electrician in a steam electric shop at the Kolchuginsky metalworking factory, where he worked for the next three years. At this time, he began writing stories, one of which (Kotelshchiki) was published in the journal Proletarsky Avant-Garde (No. 3, 1932). ^{[5] [6] His} other story “Friendliness” was published in the journal “ Krasnaya Novy ” (No. 10, 1935), and the following year the story “At the Blue Sea” is also there (No. 4, 1936). ^[7] Georgy Adamovich published a positive review of the last story in his column “Literary notes” in the Paris newspaper “ Last News ” of October 14, 1937 (No. 6046). ^{[8] The} collection of short stories “On Paksha” was rejected by the State Publishing House of fiction, after which T. I. Oizerman left classes in literature.

After moving to Moscow, he entered the building complex and in parallel with his work he studied at the evening work school, after which he entered the philosophy department of the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History (MIFLI), where he studied under V. F. Asmus . He worked as an electrician in a dormitory, then as a teacher at a household policy at the Moscow Union of Consumer Societies (IASP). In 1937 , as a student of the last year, he was sent as a teacher to the Saratov University .

In 1938 he graduated from MIFLI, then graduate school with him in the department of history of philosophy. In 1941 he defended his thesis "Marxist-Leninist teaching on the transformation of necessity into freedom" (opposed by M. A. Dynnik , M. T. Iovchuk and P. F. Yudin ; scientific adviser G. F. Alexandrov ). He taught at Moscow State University since 1940 . He worked in the consulting department of the magazine " Bolshevik ", was engaged in lecturing activities.

During the Great Patriotic War he was at the front ^[9] . He was called on July 8, 1941 , as a candidate of science was sent to an officer’s school, after which he graduated from the post of senior political officer as an instructor to the political department of the air defense division; joined the CPSU (b) . Since 1943 - on the Voronezh front , then in the infantry of the 6th army on the Ukrainian front , he fought in Poland and Germany , contused during the battles on the Kursk Bulge ^[10] . After the war , he served in Baden near Vienna until 1946 . For participation in hostilities awarded the Order of the Red Star and World War II . Because of the contusion and injury, he was qualified as a war invalid. After demobilization in June 1946, he returned to teaching work - first at the Moscow Economic Institute , and since 1947 - Associate Professor and Deputy Head of the Department of History of Foreign Philosophy at the Philosophy Faculty of Moscow State University ^[11] .

From 1949 he acted as head of the department of history of foreign philosophy at Moscow State University. In October 1951, he defended his doctoral thesis "The Development of Marxist Theory on the Experience of the Revolutions of 1848", in 1953-1968 - Head of the Department of History of Foreign Philosophy of Moscow State University. At the same time in 1962 - 1966 - Professor of the Higher Party School at the Central Committee of the CPSU . Since 1968 - Professor and Senior Researcher of the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences , in 1971 - 1987 - Head of the Philosophy History Sector of Western Europe and America, since 1980 - Department of Philosophy History, in 1971-1987 - Professor of the Institute of Teachers Training Social Sciences at Moscow State University. Chief scientific consultant of the Academic Scientific and Pedagogical Institute of the Russian State Social University.

In 1983 he became a member of the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet public ^{[12] [13]} .

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1966), full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1981; since 1991 - RAS ) and the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (now the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences ), ^[14] since 1987 - Advisor to the Directorate of the Institute of Philosophy. Laureate of the Lomonosov Prize (1965) for the monograph “Forming the Philosophy of Marxism”, the Prize named after G.V. Plekhanov of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1980) for the monograph “Main Philosophical Directions” ^[15] , the State Prize of the USSR (1983) for the monograph “Forming the Philosophy of Marxism” (translated into 5 foreign languages). Full member of the International Institute of Philosophy ( Paris ), honorary doctor ( honoris causa ) of the University of Jena (1981).

Member of the editorial boards of the journal “Philosophical Science” (until 1958 ), “Herald of Moscow State University” (until 1965 ), one of the leading authors and a member of the editorial board of the multivolume History of Philosophy (1957–1965) and “ A brief sketch of the history of philosophy. He was a member of the editorial board of the series " Monuments of Philosophical Thought " and "Philosophical Heritage" (both - the publishing house " Science "). Since 1994 - co-president of the Russian-German Center for the Study of Modern German Philosophy and Sociology. The author of 34 monographs (the first of which was published in 1948 ), more than 20 of them were published in foreign languages ​​in 10 countries ^[16] , several monumental works were published by him at the age of more than 90 years. In 2008 he was awarded the prize "Triumph-science" in the nomination "Humanities".

T. I. Oizerman is the author of works on the history of German classical philosophy and Marxism , the theory of the historical-philosophical process, the theory of knowledge , the philosophical views of I. Kant , G.-F. Hegel , I.-G. Fichte , F. Schelling . T. I. Oizerman was the initiator of the creation of the “ Historical and Philosophical Yearbook ”, a specialized publication devoted to the issues of the history of philosophy as a science. Compiled by the Works of I. Kant in 6 volumes (Moscow: Mysl , 1964). One of his most cited works in foreign literature is the 1981 paper on the Kantian doctrine of noumena ( Kant's Doctrine of the “Things in Themselves” and Noumena , Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 41, No. 3, Mar., 1981, 333— 350), ^[17] in which he considers its differences from the concept of the thing-in-itself ^{[18] [19] [20]} . Most monographs have been translated into Chinese , German , Hungarian , and some of the works are also in English , Farsi , Arabic , Spanish , Turkish , Romanian, and Bulgarian .

In 1950-1953 he was the supervisor of Ph.D. thesis E. V. Il'enkov “Some issues of materialistic dialectics in Marx's “ Critique of Political Economy ”” ^{[21] [22]} , which influenced the selection of dialectical logic as a direction of Marxist-Leninist philosophy. Also among the graduate students of T. I. Oizerman: P. P. Gaidenko , D. M. Gvishiani , N. I. Lapin , M. K. Mamardashvili, and other famous scientists.

After B.S. Sokolov’s death, T. I. Oizerman became the oldest academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. On the centenary of the philosopher in 2014, the publishing house " Science " published a collection of works by T. I. Oizerman in five volumes ^[23] .

He died on March 25, 2017 in Moscow . He was buried at Troyekurovsky cemetery (section 25) ^[24] .

• Order of Friendship ( July 19, 2004 ) - for achieved labor success and many years of diligent work ^[25]
• Order of the October Revolution ( May 11, 1984 )
• 2 orders of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree ( June 3, 1945 ; March 11, 1985 )
• Order of the Red Banner of Labor ( August 1, 1974 )
• Order of the Red Star ( November 2, 1944 )
• Order of the Badge of Honor ( September 15, 1961 )
• Medals, including:
  • the medal "To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" ( 1970 );
  • the medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1945 );
  • commemorative medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1966 );
  • the commemorative medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1975 );
  • jubilee medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1985 );
  • Commemorative Medal "50 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 1995 )
  • Commemorative Medal "60 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 2005 )
  • Commemorative Medal "65 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 2010 )
  • Commemorative Medal "70 Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" ( 2015 )
  • the anniversary medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ( 1968 );
  • anniversary medal "60 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ( 1978 );
  • the anniversary medal "70 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" ( 1988 );
  • Medal "1300th Anniversary of Bulgaria" ( 1982 ) ^[26]
  • Medal IPh RAS "For the contribution to the development of philosophy" ( 2009 )
• Prizes named after MV Lomonosov ( 1965 ) - for the monograph “Formation of the philosophy of Marxism”
• Prize of the USSR Academy of Sciences named after G.V. Plekhanov ( 1980 ) - for the monograph “Main Philosophical Directions”
• State Prize of the USSR in 1983 in the field of science and technology ( October 27, 1983 ) - for the series of works “Study of the Formation and Development of the Philosophical Doctrine of Karl Marx”, published in 1974-1980 ^[27]
• Award "Triumph-science" in the nomination "Humanities" ( 2008 )

• His wife is Henriette Zakharovna Kasavina (1919–1993), Ph.D. in Philosophy, Associate Professor at the Department of Philosophy of Natural Faculties of Moscow State University, author of the book “Marxist-Leninist Teaching on Classes and Class Struggle” (1963), works on sociology ^[28] ; her family came from the estate of Milovidy near Velizh . Father, Zakhar Iosifovich Kasavin (1889–1961), a participant in the Civil War , was chairman of the Vitebsk provincial municipal services and a member of the board of the Economic Council; his uncle, Mark I. Kasavin (1894–1981), was the first chairman of the Velizh organization of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) (October 17, 1917-1918) ^[29] .

Children:

• Maxim Teodorovich Oyzerman (born 1939 ) - Russian engineer, candidate of technical sciences, member of the Board of Directors of the Moscow Development Institute, a member of the Moscow Methodological Circle and the collective monograph “ Problems of methodology and engineering survey technology ” (1985), deputy (for research) general director of the state Rosatom Corporation, Project Office .
• Elena Teodorovna Sokolova (b. 1945 ) - Doctor of Psychological Sciences (1992), Professor at the Department of Neuro-and Pathopsychology, Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov (1993).
• Ilya Teodorovich Kasavin (born 1954 ) - Russian philosopher, Ph.D., professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2003), head of the social epistemology sector of the Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences (c 2005), chief editor of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, ^{[30 ]} , Prize winner G. V. Plekhanov.

Monographs

• The emergence of Marxism - a revolution in philosophy. - M., 1948 (co-authored with V. I. Svetlov )
• Catholic philosophy of imperialist reaction. - M., 1954.
• German classical philosophy is one of the theoretical sources of Marxism. - M .: Knowledge , 1955.
• The development of the Marxist theory on the experience of the revolutions of 1848 (inaccessible link) - Moscow: Gospolitizdat , 1956.
• The philosophy of Hegel. - M .: Knowledge, 1956.
• Marx and Engels summarized the experience of the revolutions of 1848 (lectures). - Moscow: Moscow University Press, 1956.
• The main stages of the development of pre-Marxist philosophy. - M .: Soviet science, 1957.
• K. Marx - the founder of dialectical and historical materialism. - M., 1958.
• Neo-Thomism is the philosophy of the modern reactionary bourgeoisie. - M .: Sotsekgiz , 1959.
• The main features of modern bourgeois philosophy. - M., 1960.
• What teaches and who serves the modern bourgeois sociology. - M .: Gospolitizdat, 1960 (co-authored with A. F. Okulov )
• Formation of the philosophy of Marxism. - M .: Thought, 1962 (3rd ed. - 1986, The Making of Marxist Philosophy, 1982, in Arabic - Khartoum : Shouhdi Pres).
• Philosophy Fichte. - M .: Knowledge, 1962.
• Problems of historical and philosophical science . - M .: Thought , 1969. - 398 p. - 10 000 copies
  • Problems of historical and philosophical science . - 2nd ed .. - M .: Thought, 1982. - 301 p. - 16 000 copies Archived copy January 15, 2014 on Wayback Machine
    “The monograph has been translated into Arabic, English, Hungarian, German, Portuguese, Slovak and French” (Preface to the 2nd ed., P. 4-5). Book title in English and French: Problems of the History of Philosophy, 1974; Problems D'Histoire de la Philosophie, 1973.
• Anti-communism is an expression of the crisis of bourgeois ideology. M., 1963.
• Zur Geschichte der vormarxistischen Philosophie. Berlin , 1963.
• Die Enstehung der marxistischen Philosophie. Berlin, 1965 and 1980.
• The problem of alienation and the bourgeois legend of Marxism. - M .: Knowledge, 1965.
• Entfremdung als historische Category. Berlin, 1966.
• Marxist-Leninist understanding of freedom. - M .: Knowledge, 1967.
• Leninist principles of scientific criticism of idealism: A report at the Scientific Conference on the theme “The Leninist stage in the development of Marxist philosophy”. - M .: Knowledge, 1969.
• The main philosophical directions: a theoretical analysis of the historical and philosophical process. - M .: Thought, 1971.
  • The main philosophical directions: a theoretical analysis of the historical and philosophical process . - 2nd ed., Revision .. - M .: Thought, 1984. - 303 p. - 17 000 copies Archived copy January 15, 2014 on Wayback Machine
    In English - a theoretical analysis of the history of philosophy. - M .: Progress , 1988; in Farsi - مسايل تاريخ فلسفه).
• The crisis of modern idealism. - M., 1972.
• Der junge Marx im ideologischen Kampf der Gegenwart (на немецком языке ). Франкфурт-на-Майне , 1972.
• Философия И. Канта. — М.: Знание, 1974.
• История диалектики XIV—XVIII вв. (с соавторами). — М.: Мысль, 1974.
• Философия Канта и современность. — М.: Мысль, 1974.
• Исторический материализм и идеология «технического пессимизма». — М.: Знание, 1976.
• Научно-техническая революция и кризис современной буржуазной идеологии (с соавторами). — М., 1978.
• История диалектики. Немецкая классическая философия (с А. С. Богомоловым , П. П. Гайденко и другими). — М.: Мысль, 1978.
• Диалектический материализм и история философии: историко-философские очерки . — М. : Мысль, 1979. — 308 с. - 18 000 copies
  • (на английском языке — Dialectical Materialism and the History of Philosophy: Essays on the History of Philosophy. — М.: Прогресс, 1982; на испанском языке — El materialismo dialectico у la historia de la filosofia, Гавана , 1984).
• Критика буржуазной концепции смерти философии. — М.: Знание, 1980.
• Историко-философское учение Гегеля. — М.: Знание, 1982.
• Богомолов А. С., Ойзерман Т. И. Основы теории историко-философского процесса / Утверждено к печати Институтом философии АН СССР . — М. : Наука , 1983. — 6700 экз. (на английском языке — Principles of the Theory of the Historical Process in Philosophy. — М.: Прогресс, 1986, на арабском языке — Хартум : Shouhdi Pres).
• Философия эпохи ранних буржуазных революций (с соавторами). — М.: Наука, 1983.
• Рациональное и иррациональное. — М.: Знание, 1984.
• El materialismo dialectico у la historia de la filosofia (на испанском языке ). Гавана , 1984.
• Ленин. Philosophy. Современность (с Р. И. Косолаповым , А. Г. Егоровым и другими). — М.: Политиздат, 1985.
• Критика критического рационализма . — М., 1988.
• Felsefe Tarihinin Sorunları (Проблемы истории философии на турецком языке ). Стамбул , 1988 и 1998.
• Маркс. Philosophy. Современность (с Н. И. Лапиным , М. Я. Ковальзоном и другими). — М.: Политиздат, 1988.
• Научно-философское воззрение марксизма. — М.: Наука, 1989.
• Philosophie auf dem Wege zur Wissenschaft. Берлин, 1989.
• Философия раннего и позднего Шеллинга. — М.: Наука, 1990 (в соавт. с В. В. Лазаревым ).
• Теория познания Канта. — М., 1991 (в соавт. с И. С. Нарским )
• Теория познания. В 4 т. / Институт философии АН СССР. — М.: Мысль, 1991 (редактор)
• Феноменология искусства (с соавторами). — М.: Институт философии РАН, 1996.
• Философия как история философии. — СПб.: Алетейя, 1999.
• Смелый исследователь — смелый человек: Академик Иван Тимофеевич Фролов. — М.: Наука, 2001.
• Марксизм и утопизм. — М.: Прогресс—Традиция, 2003. — 568 с.
• Оправдание ревизионизма / Институт философии РАН. — М.: Канон+, РООИ «Реабилитация», 2005. — 688 с.
• Кант и Гегель: Опыт сравнительного исследования / Институт философии РАН. — М.: Канон+, РООИ «Реабилитация», 2008. — 520 с. —5000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-88373-047-3 .
• Метафилософия: Теория историко-философского процесса / Институт философии РАН. — М.: Канон+, РООИ «Реабилитация», 2009. — 440 с. —5000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-88373-189-9 (ошибоч.) .
• Возникновение марксизма. — М.: Канон+, РООИ «Реабилитация», 2010. — 600 с. — 800 экз. — ISBN 978-5-88373-232-3 .
• Амбивалентность философии. — М.: Канон+, РООИ «Реабилитация», 2011. — 400 с. - 3000 copies
• Размышления. Изречения. — М.: Языки славянской культуры, 2013. — 216 с. - 1000 copies — ISBN 978-5-9551-0616-8 .
• Избранные труды. В 5 т. / Институт философии РАН. — М.: Наука, 2014.
  • Том 1: Возникновение марксизма. — 592 с.
  • Том 2: Марксизм и утопизм. — 480 с.
  • Том 3: Оправдание ревизионизма. — 750 с.
  • Том 4: Кант и Гегель: Опыт сравнительного исследования. — 512 с.
  • Том 5: Метафилософия. Амбивалентность философии. — 768 с.

Работы в сети

На русском языке

• Проблемы историко-философской науки. — М.: Мысль, 1969 (1-ое издание):
• в формате DjVu на сайте Руниверс
• в формате TXT
• в формате DOC
• Главный труд Канта. Часть I (1964)
• Главный труд Канта. Часть II (1964)
• Маркс: эволюция социологической концепции насилия (1994)
• Существует ли логическая проблематика за пределами формальной логики? (1995)
• Научно-технический прогресс: возможности и границы предвидения (1999)
• Проблемы экологии: генезис идей и современность (2002)
• Является ли либерализм только идеологией? (2003)
• Не пора ли позитивно переосмыслить полузабытую «теорию факторов»? (2004)
• Буржуазные экономисты: апологеты или критики капитализма? (2005)
• Богомолов А. С., Ойзерман Т. И. Основы теории историко-философского процесса . М.: Наука, 1983.

  Трилогия Т. И. Ойзермана :

1. Проблемы историко-философской науки . — М. : Мысль , 1969. — 398 с. - 10 000 copies
   • Проблемы историко-философской науки . - 2nd ed. — М.: Мысль, 1982. — 301 с. ^[31] .
2. Главные философские направления : Теорет. анализ ист.-филос. процесса. — 2-е изд., доработ. — М.: Мысль, 1984. — 303 с. ^[32]
3. Диалектический материализм и история философии : (Историко-филос. очерки). — М.: Мысль, 1979. — 308 с.

На английском языке

• статья The Problem of the Scientific Philosophical World-Outlook

  Трилогия Т. И. Ойзермана:

1. Problems of the History of Philosophy . Translated from the Russian by Robert Daglish . Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973 ^[33] . Reviewed by Ralph Dumain
2. The main Trends in Philosophy. A Theoretical Analysis of the History of Philosophy. Translated by H. Campbell Creighton , MA (Oxon). Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1988. ISBN 5-01-000506-9
   • электронные версии для просмотра в браузере и в формате TXT на сайте http://leninist.biz/ ^[34]
   • в форматах DjVu и PDF на сайте Архив Интернета
3. Dialectical Materialism and the History of Philosophy: Essays on the History of Philosophy (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1982)
   • содержание книги и текст двух глав на сайте «The Autodidact Project» by Ralph Dumain
   • Электронный текст 33 % книги на сайте http://leninist.biz/

• Oizerman, TI, Bogomolov, AS Principles of the Theory of the Historical Process in Philosophy. Translated by H. Campbell Creighton (Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1986).

  Оглавление книги на сайте «The Autodidact Project» by Ralph Dumain и рецензия Reviewed by Ralph Dumain

Сборники работ под редакцией Т. И. Ойзермана

• Против философствующих оруженосцев американо-английского империализма (редакторы Т. Ойзерман и П. Трофимов). — М.: Издательство Академии наук СССР , 1951.
• Против буржуазных и правосоциалистических фальсификаторов марксизма (редакторы Т. Ойзерман и И. Нарский). — М.: Издательство АН СССР , 1952.
• Современные религиозно-философские течения в капиталистических странах. — М.: Издательство Академии наук СССР , 1962.
• Критика современной буржуазной идеологии. — М.: Росвузиздат , 1963.
• Философия марксизма и неопозитивизм. — М.: Издательство Московского университета , 1963.
• Немецкая философия после 1945 года. — М.: Прогресс , 1964.
• Современный экзистенциализм : критические очерки. — М.: Мысль , 1966.
• Философия марксизма и экзистенциализм. — М.: Издательство МГУ , 1971.
• Проблемы марксистско-ленинской методологии истории философии. — М.: Наука , 1987.

• Алексеев П. В. Философы России начала XXI столетия: Биографии, идеи, труды: энциклопедический словарь . — М. : Российская политическая энциклопедия (РОССПЭН) , 2009. — С. 437—538. — 695 с. - 1000 copies — ISBN 978-5-8243-1260-7 .
• Ань Цинян. Академик Ойзерман: новые размышления о марксистской философии // Вопросы философии . — 2004. — № 5. — С. 78—84.
• Козырев А. П. Т. И. Ойзерман. Марксизм не родился как Венера из головы Юпитера // Вестник Московского университета . Ser. 7. Философия. — 2004. — № 6 . — С. 40–61 .
• Митрохин Л. Н. Из бесед с академиком Ойзерманом // Вопросы философии. — 2004.— № 5. — С. 33—77.
• Философия и история философии: актуальные проблемы. К 90-летию Т. И. Ойзермана // Институт философии РАН . — М.: Канон+ и РООИ «Реабилитация», 2004. — 576 с.
• Теодор Ильич Ойзерман / сост. С. Н. Корсаков , А. П. Зайцева. — М.: Наука, 2014. — 124 с. (Материалы к биобиблиографии учёных. Философия. Вып. 12).

• Ойзерман Теодор Ильич // Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / гл. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
• Профиль Теодора Ильича Ойзермана на официальном сайте РАН
• Видеоинтервью с Т. И. Ойзерманом к 90-летнему юбилею философа
• Страница на сайте Института философии РАН
• Page on the RSSU website
• Страница на сайте философского факультета МГУ
• Статья на сайте Летопись Московского университета"
• Historical background on the website of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Некоторые публикации
• О сталинских академиках и взаимоотношении философии и власти в СССР Архив мемуарных бесед «Устная история»
• Гусейнов А. А. Патриарх отечественной философии