The location of St. Petersburg in the Neva River Delta led to the need to build a large number of bridges. In the modern city there are hundreds of them. In the history of the city there is a phenomenon of the construction of bridges according to standard designs.
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Wooden bridges over the Moyka River with a slot for passing mast ships
The design of the bridges was developed on the model of Dutch crossings. One of the first projects was developed by G. van Boles and was used in 1721-1737 . This architect built the Red Bridge , Blue Bridge , Big Stable Bridge . [one]
Wooden "Color" bridges across the Moika River
The names of the “colored” bridges - “Yellow” (later Singing) , “Green” (Police, then People’s) , “Red” and “Blue” came from the fact that these wooden bridges were painted in different colors. The first of them was thrown across the Moika River as a continuation of Palace Square , the second - along Nevsky Prospect , the third - along Gorokhovaya Street, the fourth - along St. Isaac's Square. In the 18th century, these wooden bridges, identical in appearance, were painted in different colors especially for distinction, so that each of them had “its own face” [2] .
Stone bridges over the Fontanka with a wooden adjustable span
Bridge | Construction time |
---|---|
Anichkov bridge | From 1783 to 1787 |
Staro-Kalinkin bridge | From 1786 to 1788 |
The extreme arches of the bridge are made of stone, outlined by box curves and lined with granite blocks. The middle span was two-span adjustable, made of wood, revealed by a primitive chain mechanism. The railings of the bridge were metal sections between the granite pedestals. Their pattern follows the pattern of the Fontanka embankments.
The river supports below are completed by profiled triangular ice-cutters. Above them towering open granite towers of classical proportions crowned with domes, in which there was a lifting mechanism of the bridge. [3] There is a version that the author of the project was J.-R. Perrone [4] , however, there is no documentary evidence of this. Moreover, during the years of construction of bridges of this project, Jean-Rodolph actively built bridges in France , but many bridges were built in the world by his method [5] .
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Stone bridges of this type were common at the time. Only two have survived in their original form (the average adjustable wooden span has been replaced with non-adjustable) - the Lomonosov Bridge and the Staro-Kalinkin Bridge (rebuilt, dimensions changed).
Cast-iron bridges across the Moika River
The project was developed by the architect William Goeste and involved the replacement of a new, cast-iron on the site of the wooden bridge.
The first was replaced by the Green Bridge . The span was blocked by a gently sloping vault, assembled from empty cast-iron blocks ( tubing ). Holes for connecting bolts were made in the walls of the blocks. The base of the supports are pile grillages . The project consultant was F. P. de Vollan (Devolant) . [6]
As an idea, the proposal of the construction of the R. Fulton bridge, published in London in 1796 [7], was used .
The sidewalks were lined with granite slabs at the same level with the roadway and were separated from it by metal bars between granite parapet stones. The railings of the bridge were cast; in addition, granite obelisks crowned with gilded balls were placed [8] . The strength of cast iron made the bridge arch much thinner and more elegant than that of heavy granite bridges, which gives the bridge itself a light, weightless appearance. [6]
See also
- Bridges of St. Petersburg
Notes
- ↑ Dutch Petersburg: Harman van Bales Neopr (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment February 16, 2008. Archived January 18, 2008.
- ↑ Gorbachevich K., Khablo E. Why are they so named. - L .: Lenizdat, 1962
- ↑ "Everything you need to know about St. Petersburg" ; Angelica Likhacheva. Staro-Kalinkin bridge . Date of treatment February 29, 2008. Archived February 18, 2012.
- ↑ Frolov, A.I. Anichkov bridge // Rivers, canals, islands, embankments, bridges. - SPb. : Verb , 2002 .-- S. 78-80. - 176 p. - ISBN 5-88729-063-3 .
- ↑ V. I. Shesterikov ( SE RosDorNII ). Stone bridges of Europe // Stone bridges of Russia . - Survey Information. - M .: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Information Center for Roads", 2004. - T. Issue 7.
- ↑ 1 2 www.most-spb.ru Green Bridge. Historical background ” . Date of treatment February 19, 2008. Archived February 14, 2012.
- ↑ This project was never implemented by the author, more details A. L. Punin. New constructions and rationalistic ideas // Petersburg Architecture of the mid-19th century. - L .: Lenizdat, 1990 .-- S. 90. - 351 p. - ISBN 5-289-00602-8 .
- ↑ Similar obelisks erected on the neighboring Red Bridge have survived to this day.