Economy of the Moldavian SSR

After the establishment of Soviet power in Moldova, the redistribution of the land fund was carried out, as a result of which more than 230 thousand hectares of arable land, about 2.5 thousand hectares of orchards and vineyards, 20 thousand livestock, a significant amount of agricultural equipment were transferred to peasants; in addition, it was provided for them the possibility of obtaining credit, seeds and the provision of agricultural machinery ^[1] .

The total damage to the economy of the Moldavian SSR during the German occupation is estimated at 11 billion Soviet rubles in pre-war prices of 1941 or 14 billion rubles in prices of 1944. During this period, 1037 industrial enterprises, 600 schools, hundreds of cultural, educational and medical institutions, more than 50 thousand buildings and residential buildings (almost half of the republic’s housing stock) were destroyed on the territory of the republic ^[2] , 30 thousand hectares of gardens and vineyards ^[3] .

Industry

During the years of Soviet power, the electric power industry , machine building , light industry, and the production of building materials received a great development in the economy of the republic. Large centers: Chisinau , Tiraspol , Balti , Bender . Converting ferrous metallurgy ( Rybnitsa ).

The basis of the electric power industry is thermal power plants: Moldavskaya TPP , Chisinau TPP -1, Chisinau TPP-2 and Beltskaya TPP , Dubossarskaya HPP (on the Dniester River ) and others.

The leading industry is food-flavoring ( winemaking , canning, sugar , flour and cereal, butter , including the production of rose, sage, peppermint, lavender oil for the perfumery and confectionery industries, tobacco and others).

Of the engineering industries, the most developed were electrical engineering (including transformers , electric motors, household refrigerators and washing machines), instrument-making industry (production of calculating machines and others), agricultural engineering (including garden machines), and tractor engineering — mainly in Chisinau , Tiraspol, Balti, Bender. Light industry (carpets and rugs, leather shoes , knitwear , clothing, natural silk and more). The chemical industry (production of varnishes , paints, artificial leathers and rubber products), the microbiological industry developed. Production of building materials, glass industry, woodworking.

Agriculture

In 1987, there were 489 state farms and 372 collective farms in the republic. Agricultural land amounted to 2.6 million hectares, of which arable land - 1.8 million hectares. The area of vineyards is 205 thousand ha, fruit and berry 208 thousand ha. Sown area of ​​grain crops ( wheat , corn , barley ) 707 thousand ha (1986), gross grain harvest of 2044 thousand tons

The most important branches of agriculture are viticulture and fruit growing . Gross harvest of grapes - 1222 thousand tons in 1986 , fruits and berries - 1202 thousand tons. Technical crops ( sunflower , sugar beets , tobacco , essential oil crops) were grown.

Vegetable growing .

Livestock , mainly dairy and meat. Livestock (in 1987, in million heads): cattle - 1.2 (including cows - 0.4), pigs - 1.9, sheep and goats - 1.2.

Transport

The main types of transport - rail and road . Operational length (for 1986):

• railways - 1.15 thousand km,
• roads - 10.1 thousand km (including with hard surface - 9.4 thousand km).

Shipping on the Dniester and the Prut .

• Economy of Moldova
• Transnistria economy

• Industrial production for years on wikisource.org