History of the Khazars (chronology)

• 463 - The appearance of the Ogur peoples in Europe (the arrival of the embassy of the Sarogurs and Onogurs in Constantinople ).
• 515/516 - The first mention of the Savirs in Europe (invasion of Armenia and Asia Minor ).
• 551 - Formation of the Turkic Kaganate in Altai .
• 552 - Invasion of Savir and Khazars in Caucasian Albania .
• 550s - Avars passed through the Caucasus and defeated the Savirs. 558 - Avar invasion of the Northern Black Sea region. Avar Embassy in Constantinople.
• 562 - The defeat of the Savir Union by the Persian Shah Khosrov I Anushirvan . Forced relocation of part of Savir and Khazars to Caucasian Albania , in the region of the city of Kabaly .
• 567 - The construction of Derbent fortifications is completed.
• 2nd floor. 560s - The first mention of the Balanjars (the invasion of Abkhazians, Banjars, Balanjars and Alans to Armenia).
• between 567 and 571 - Conquest of the Khazars and Bulgars by the Turkic Kaganate .
• 588 - The collapse of the Turkic Kaganate into Western and Eastern .

• 625 - The conclusion of an alliance between the Byzantine emperor Heraclius and the Turkic Hagan.
• 626 - The Turkic-Khazar army, under the command of the Shad , the son of the Khazar ruler Jebu Kagan , captures Derbent and invades Iranian possessions in Transcaucasia.
• 627 - The campaign of the jabu kagan to help Heraclius in Georgia . Siege of Tbilisi by the Khazars and Byzantines.
• 628 (according to other data con. 627 ) - The capture of Tbilisi by the Khazars.
• 628 - 630 - Shad conquers Caucasian Albania and imposes tribute on it.
• 630 - The murder of the Turkic Hagan. Troubles in the Western Turkic Kaganate.
• OK. 632 - Formation of Greater Bulgaria .
• 640 - Arabs appear in Transcaucasia.
• between 641 and 668 - Death of the Bulgarian Khan Kubrat . The division of Great Bulgaria into several parts between the sons of Kubrat. Bulgarian-Khazar war. The Khazars pursue the horde of Khan Asparuh to the Danube . The horde of Khan Batbay remains in the Sea of ​​Azov and recognizes the Khazar power. Khazaria becomes the hegemon of the Caspian-Black Sea region.
• 642/643 - According to at-Tabari , the first Arab raid on Khazaria. Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi went on a campaign to Belenjer and al-Baida , after which he safely returned to Derbent. (?)
• OK. 645 * - Arab commander Habib ibn Maslama defeats the Byzantine stratig of Armenia at the Battle of Kalikale on the Euphrates . The Byzantine army includes Alans, Abkhazians and Semenders .
• 650 - The death of the West Turkic Kaganate (conditionally). The independence of the Khazars.
• 653 - Arabs exit beyond Derbent. The Arab commander Salman ibn Rabi (according to other sources, his brother Abd al-Rahman) attacked the Khazar city of Belenjer and was killed.
• OK. 655 * - The capture of the Crimea by the Khazars.
• 662 - The invasion of the Khazars in Caucasian Albania . The ruler of the country, Javanshir, drives the Khazars behind Derbent. Arabs at this time are at war with the Alans .
• December 664 - Invasion of the Khazar vassals, Dagestan "Huns", in Albania and Armenia.
• September 681 - The second invasion of the "Huns" in Albania.
• December 22, 681 - February 11, 682 - The Albanian Embassy, ​​led by Bishop Israel to the Huns. The conversion to Christianity of the ruler of the "Huns" of Alp-Ilitver .
• August 685 - The invasion of the Khazars in the Caucasus. Albania is liable to tribute. The Khazars defeated the Arabs in the vicinity of Mosul .
  • August 16, 685 - The death of the rulers of Armenia, Albania and Georgia in the battle with the Khazars.

• OK. 700 - The first mention of the Khazars in Western European literature ( Ravenna cosmography ).
• OK. 701 - Asparuh died in the battle with the Khazars on the Danube .
• between 698 and 704 - The overthrown Byzantine emperor Justinian II , exiled to Kherson , fled to the Khazars. He married the Hagan's sister Ibuzir Glyavan Theodore and agreed on Khazar assistance for restoration to the throne. Kagan, bribed by the ruling emperor, betrayed Justinian and ordered him killed. Justinian sent his pregnant wife to the Hagan and fled to Danube Bulgaria.
• 705 - Justinian reigned in Constantinople .
• 706 - Justinian sent a fleet to the Crimea to take his wife and son, Tiberius. The fleet sank almost all, but the kagan gave relatives unhindered. Tiberius declared co-regent of his father.
• between 705 and 710 * - Kagan visited Constantinople.
• 706/707 - Arabs under the command of Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik (according to other data of Muhammad ibn Mervan) attacked the Khazar villages near Derbent.
• 708/709 - Maslama took possession of Derbent.
• 709/710 - The second campaign of Maslama on Derbent.
• Between 705 and 710 - Kherson , fleeing the wrath of Justinian, voluntarily went under the Khazar protectorate.
• 710 * - Justinian expedition against Kherson. Capture of Kherson, captivity of the tudun located there on behalf of the Kagan. In early October, the expeditionary fleet went back to Constantinople, fell into a storm and most of it sank.
• 710/711 - Khazar raid on Derbent and Albania .
• 711 - Justinian tried to make peace with the Khazars, giving them tudun. But on the way to the capital he died. The Khazars, arranged a trident on it, on which they killed the entire Greek retinue accompanying the tudun. The Khazars supported the uprising of the Kherson exile Vardan . He goes to Constantinople, where he is proclaimed emperor. Justinian executed (December 11).
• 713/714 - The capture of Derbent by Maslama and a campaign deep into the Khazaria. The Arabs reached the city of Tarku , but then, without entering into battle, hastily fled.
• 717/718 - The invasion of the Khazars in Albania and Azerbaijan, at that time the Arabs from the sea besieged Constantinople.
• 721/722 - Khazar war with the Alans.
• February-March 722 - Destruction by the Khazars of the Arab army in Armenia (battle on the "Rocky Meadow").
• 722/723 - Campaign of Jarrah ibn Abdallah to Khazaria. Defeat of the Khazar army, led by Hagan's son Bardzhil in the battle on the Ar-Ran river north of Derbent.
  • August 21, 722 - The Taking of Belenger . The ruler of Belenger flees to Semender .
• 723/724 - The campaign of Jarrah to Alanya, and then to the rear of the Khazars behind Belenger.
• February 724 - Hagan's return trip to Armenia.
• 724/725 - The second campaign of Jarrah to Alanya.
• 725/726 - The campaign of Saeed ibn Amr al-Kharashi to the Khazars.
• 726/727 - Khazar invasion led by Hagan son Bardzhil in Azerbaijan. The siege of the city of Varsan on Araks . Al-Haris ibn Amr defeated the Khazars in two battles.
• 727/728 - Campaign of Maslama against the Khazars.
• 728/729 - Maslama's campaign into the depths of the Khazars through Darial . The so-called first “dirty campaign” , the Arabs fought with the Hagan for a month and left Khazaria due to heavy rains.
• 729/730 - Al-Kharis ibn Amr reflects the Khazar attack on Azerbaijan. Jerrah through the Darial Gorge invades Khazaria, takes Semender and reaches al-Bayd .
• 730 * - Conversion of the Khazar Prince Bulan to Judaism .
• 730 - The death of the kagan. Khazaria is ruled by his mother Parsbit , and the army is led by his son Bardzhil.
• End 730 - The largest Khazar raid on Arab possessions.
  • December 8, 730 - Khazars capture Ardebil , the death of Jarrah. The Khazars are dispersed throughout Azerbaijan for robbery, reaching Diyarbakir and the environs of Mosul .
• end of December 730 - January 731 - Side ibn Amr al-Kharashi expels the Khazars. He defeats Bardzhil in the battles of Barzand and in the Mugan steppe . Then, as commander in chief, he is replaced by Maslam.
• 731 - Maslama invades Khazaria. The capture of Belenger and Semender. Bargil is killed in battle.
• 731/732 - The Union of Maslama with the princes of mountain Dagestan , the capture of Derbent, a campaign deep into the Khazars. Khazar Khagan wounded in the battle of Bab Vak .
• 732/733 - Marriage of the heir to the Byzantine throne, Konstantin, with the daughter of the Khazar Kagan Virchor Chichak .
• 732/733 - The unsuccessful campaign of Mervan ibn Muhammad to Belenger (left by the Khazars) and Semender (second "dirty campaign").
• 735 - 737 - Mervan subdues the areas near the borders of the Khazaria: Tumanshah , Laks and Alans .
• 737 - Arabs led by Mervan carry out the most ambitious raid deep into the Khazars. 150 thousand the army moves through Derbent and Darial. The capture of Semender and al-Bayd . The defeat of 40 thousand Khazar troops led by the Khazar-Tarkhan . Mervan pursues the kagan to the "Slavic River" ( Don ?). Under the terms of peace, the kagan promises to convert to Islam . Mervan takes away 20 thousand captive Khazars with them, settling them between the rivers Samur and Shabran , and 20 thousand captive Slavs settled in Kakheti. Khazar raids are interrupted for more than 20 years.
• 740 * - Bulan arranges a religious dispute. Victory goes to the Jews.
• OK. 759 - The marriage of the Arab governor of Armenia, Yazid ibn Usayd, to the daughter of the Khazar Khagan Bagatur Khatun .
• 762/763 - Khatun unexpectedly died. The Khazars invade Transcaucasia because of this. (First invasion under the Abbasids ).
• 764/765 - The invasion of the Khazars in Transcaucasia under the leadership of Ras-tarkhan .
• 764 * - The Khazars led by the commander Bluchan take Tbilisi. Unsuccessful matchmaking of the Khazar Kagan to the Kartlian princess Shushan . The ruler of Kartli - Juansher spends seven years in Khazar captivity.
• OK. 780 - Prince Kartli Nerse takes refuge in the Khazaria. He probably hoped to secure Khazar support in the fight against the Arabs.
• 787 - Abkhazia with the support of the Khazars declares independence from Byzantium.
• Between 787 - 791 - Anti-Khazar revolt in Crimean Gothia led by Bishop John . The rebellion is crushed, John is imprisoned.
• 791 - The death of the Khazar Khagan, who ruled at that time.
• 798/799 - The marriage of the Arab governor of Armenia al-Fadl ibn Yahya Barmaki to the daughter of the Khazar Hagan Sub-t . The princess died on the road.
• 799/800 - The last invasion of the Khazars in the Caucasus. The army was led by the kagan.

• Between 800 and 809 * - Reign of Obadiah . The removal of the kagans from real power in favor of the Beks from the Bulanid dynasty (the establishment of a system of "double government"). Transition to rabbinical Judaism.
• 810s 820s *. - The political struggle against the new dynasty, the death (?) Of Obadiya’s son and grandson, the reign of Chanukah .
• 820 * * - The uprising of several Khazar clans ( Kavars ) against the central government. After the defeat, the Cavars joined the Hungarians .
• 830s * - The invasion of the Hungarians in the Black Sea.
• Between 813 and 820 - Khazars besiege Kherson.
• Between 813 and 833 - Famine in the Khazar capital. The first mention of dual power.
• Between 834 and 837 - Kagan and Bek turn to Emperor Theophilus with a request to build Sarkel . Byzantine engineers, led by Petron Kamatir, help the Khazars in construction.
• 839 - The first mention of the Khagan Rus . Second dated reference to 871 .
• Between 842 and 844 - Khallaria visited the expedition of Sallam Tajudin
• Between 842 and 847 , Khazaria was visited by a second expedition from the Arab Caliphate, led by al-Khorezmi .
• 853/854 - Tsanar Highlanders attacked by the Arab commander Buga the Elder appealed for help to the rulers of Byzantium, the Khazars and Slavs.
• 853/854 * - Buga made a trip to the Alans and Khazars and took tribute from them.
• 854/855 - Buga brought 300 peaceful Khazar Muslim families from Khazaria and settled them in the city of Shamkor .
• 859 - In the Tale of Bygone Years under this year it is reported that the Khazars pay tribute from glades , northerners and Vyatichi : on a white skin and a coin from the house.
• 860 - An embassy arrived from Khazaria to Constantinople with a request to send a preacher to explain the basics of the Christian faith.
• 861 - 862 - Embassy of Constantine the Philosopher (St. Cyril) in Khazaria. Christian version of a religious dispute. Konstantin arrived in Kherson (January 861). In Crimea, he persuaded the Khazar governor to lift the siege from some Christian city. Then he reached the Caspian Sea by ship. Konstantin achieved the release of the Byzantine prisoners and baptized 200 Khazars. On the way back, he converted the inhabitants of the city of Fulla to Christianity.
• OK. 864 - The first Western European reference to the Khazar Judaism (monk of Christians from Stavelot ).
• 881 - The Kawars, together with the Hungarians, besiege the city of Kulberg in the vicinity of Vienna .
• 882 - Oleg captures Kiev. The formation of the Old Russian state .
• 884 - Oleg reassigns himself to the northerners .
• 885 - Oleg reassigns himself to Radimichi .
• 889 - The Pechenegs are moving across the Volga to the Northern Black Sea region, under the combined pressure of the Khazars and Oguzes .
• 880s - 900s * - The reign of King Benjamin .
• 880s * Attack on the Khazar coalition of nomadic peoples (Pechenegs, Oguzes, etc.). Union of King Benjamin with Alania.
• 894 - Khazar units in the service of the Byzantine army fight in the Byzantine-Bulgarian war .
• 895 - Hungarians, under pressure from the Pechenegs, move to the Carpathians .

• 900s - 930s * - The reign of King Aaron II .
• August 901 - The Khazars, led by King K-Ibn Buljan , raided Derbent, but were repelled.
• 909 - 910 - Russ operate in the Caspian Sea . Capture of the island of Abascun .
• 909 (or 912 ) - A coalition of Khazars, Sariris and Shandans defeated the emir of Derbent and Shirvan Shah.
• 913/914 - Rus with the permission of the Khazar Tsar enter the Caspian Sea along the Volga and rob Transcaucasia. On the way back, the Russian squad, with the connivance of the Khazar tsar, is destroyed by the Khazar (Muslim) guard.
• 916 - the Khazar army led by Salifan (the king of the khaitaks ?) Intervened in the struggle for Derbent on the side of one of the applicants.
• OK. 919 - An embassy arrived in Kherson from Khazaria, asking to appoint a bishop and ordain priests. Patriarch Nikolai instructed to fulfill this request to the Kherson archbishop and stratigue.
• June 21, 921 - May 12, 922 - Ibn Fadlan Embassy to the Volga Bulgars.
• 922 - Repressions of the king against Itilian Muslims (destruction of a mosque, execution of several priests).
• OK. 932 * - Alano-Khazar war. Aaron's victory over the Alans.
• After 932 - Alans renounced Christianity.
• after 932 - not earlier than 961 - the reign of King Joseph .
• after 932 * - Jews of Byzantium are massively resettled in Khazaria because of the persecution that has begun. King Joseph responds with repression against Christians.
• OK. 939 * - The raid of the Russian prince Khlgu , bribed by Byzantium, in the Khazar city of Samkerts . The Khazar commander Pesach in response attacked the Byzantine part of Crimea. Having captured three cities and "many" villages, he besieged Kherson. Then, during the war, which lasted 4 months, he defeated the army of Khlgu.
• 944/945 - The Rus are trying to gain a foothold in the Transcaucasus ( Berdaa ). Alans are allies of the Rus.
• OK. 949 * - The courtier of King Joseph in Constantinople sends a letter to Hassday ibn Shaprut (Letter from Shekhter).
• Between 954 and 961 - Correspondence between Hasday ibn Shafrut and King Joseph.
• OK. 961 - Answer of King Joseph. Among other things, the king writes that he does not let the Russians in the Caucasus.
• 964 - Campaign of Svyatoslav on the Vyatichi (the last among the Slavs are the Khazar tributaries).
• 965 - Campaign of Svyatoslav to Khazaria. The defeat of the Khazar troops led by the kagan. The capture of Sarkel .
• 966 - Svyatoslav subordinates the Vyatichi a second time.
• 965 - 968/969 - Oguzes attack on Khazaria. Continuation of the campaign of Svyatoslav. The ruin of both parts of Itil and Semender . The surviving population settled along the Caspian coast and islands. The royal court took refuge in Mangyshlak (?).
• Between 981 and 985 - Khazaria asks for help from Khorezm (according to other data of Shirvan ) from nomads. The Khazar courtyard returns to the capital. Conversion of the Khazar nobility to Islam .
• 985 - Vladimir's campaign on the Bulgars and Khazars. The Khazars are liable to tribute.
• 986 - Embassy to Vladimir of the Khazar Jews.
• 990s * - Occupation of Khazaria by Khorezm.

• January 1016 - Byzantium and Russia jointly suppress the rebellion of George Tsulo , a Kherson stratig of Khazar origin, in Crimea.
• 1023 - The Khazars participate in the battle of Leafy .
• 1064 - 3 thousand Khazar families moved beyond Derbent to the city of Kakhtan .
• 1079 - The Khazars of Tmutarakan captured Prince Oleg Svyatoslavich and extradited him to Byzantium.
• 1083 - Oleg Svyatoslavich returned to Crimea and dealt with the Khazars.
• 1160s - Abraham ibn Daud met the descendants of the Khazar Jews in Toledo .
• Between 1175 and 1185 - Petahia from Regensburg visited Crimea and noted that local Jews are sectarians.
• 1247 - Plano Karpini mentioned the Khazars among the peoples conquered by the Mongols .

Khazar Chronology Options

• on the site of Y. Aga.
• on the Chronos website
• in the book by S. A. Pletneva. Khazars