Christian-Friedrich Stefan , or Stefan ( German: Christian Friedrich Stephan , 1757, Leipzig - December 17, 1814, St. Petersburg) - Russian botanist of German origin. Military doctor, later professor of chemistry and botany at the Moscow Medical and Surgical Academy in Moscow, professor of botany at the Medical and Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg, director of the St. Petersburg Forest Institute .
| Friedrich Hristianovich Stefan | |
|---|---|
| him. Christian friedrich stephan | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | December 17 (29), 1814 |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg |
| A country | Saxony (Elector), Russian Empire |
| Scientific field | botany , medicine |
| Place of work | |
| Alma mater | Leiden University , University of Leipzig |
| Academic degree | doctor of medicine (1782) |
| Taxonomy of wildlife | |
|---|---|
The author of the names of a number of botanical taxa . In the botanical ( binary ) nomenclature, these names are supplemented by the abbreviation " Stephan " . List of such taxa on the IPNI website Personal page on IPNI website |
Content
Biography
He studied at the University of Leiden and the University of Leipzig , where in 1779, after defending his dissertation "De Raris" , he received a bachelor 's degree in medicine and a doctor of philosophy . After he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of Leipzig on August 25, 1782, he left for Russia .
Arriving in St. Petersburg on December 19, 1782, he passed the exam at the Medical College and received the right to medical practice in Russia. Having entered the Russian service as a divisional doctor of the second division, he went to the Crimea with the troops of Prince Potemkin . In 1784 he was sent to the army of Count Rumyantsev , and on his return from there on December 21, 1786 he was appointed professor of chemistry and botany at the Moscow Medical School . After some time, Stefan suggested arranging the Pharmacy Garden behind the Sukharev Tower, which was in a deplorable state and cultivating “medical plants” in it for the training of physicians and pharmacists. The medical board agreed with this proposal, and on February 14, 1796, the garden and the former laboratory were transferred to his full disposal, leaving only general supervision of the medical office. In a short time, Stefan put the garden in order and organized a museum of natural history with it, which he presented with herbarium from 1800 species of plants, as well as a collection of minerals and insects.
In 1796, at the request of Professor I. D. Giltebrandt , Stefan took as his adjunct his nephew F. A. Giltebrandt , who worked in this position for the next five years [4] .
In 1804, Stefan left Moscow. Before leaving Moscow, he visited Leipzig , where after passing the exams he received the title of Doctor of Law. In 1804, he became professor of botany at the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy . At the same time, he was appointed director of the Botanical Garden on Aptekarsky Island .
In 1808 he retired; since 1809, he was under the chief director of state forests “for assignments different in the forest part” and was engaged in arranging Count Orlov’s Forest Institute on Elagin Island . In 1811, he was appointed director of the newly established Practical Forest Institute and held this position until the end of his life.
Throughout his life, Stefan diligently studied the flora of Russia, one of the first to study the vegetation of the environs of Moscow; He studied a lot of plant taxonomy , thanks to which he gained considerable fame. He collected three huge herbaria . One of which was in the Royal Museum of Berlin and was used by Wildenov when working on his work Species plantarum . Another herbarium remained in Moscow. The third, after the death of the owner, together with part of the library was acquired by the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg, the herbarium was acquired in two stages: first 1749, later another 2560 sheets. Later, in 1824, his heirs sold another collection and another part of the library to the St. Petersburg herbarium.
Bibliography
- Enumeratio stirpium agri mosquensis . - M. , 1792 [5]
- Icones plantarum mosquensium ad historiam plantarum sponte cirea Mosquam crescentium illus tandam. Decad I et II ". - M., 1795
- Nomina plantarum, quas alit ager mosquensis et hortus privatus . - SPb. , 1804
- Description de deux nouveaux genres des plantes // Mém. de la Société Impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, vol. I
- Plantae novae Sibiriae // Mém. de la Société Impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, vol. II
Honors
In honor of Christian-Friedrich Stefan, the plant genus Stephania Willd is named . , 1799 from the Caper family [6] . This name is the late homonym for Stephania Lour. , 1790 , therefore Steriphoma Spreng is used instead . , 1827 .
Notes
- ↑ author citation
- ↑ Harvard Index of Botanists - Harvard University Herbaria and Libraries .
- ↑ CERL Thesaurus - A consortium of European science libraries .
- ↑ M. Zion. Giltebrandt, Feodor Andreevich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ The first flora of the Moscow province .
- ↑ CL Willdenow. Caroli a Linné Species plantarum. - 1799. - Vol. 2 (1). - P. 239.
Literature
- Stefan, Friedrich Khristianovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- Stefan, Christian-Friedrich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Volkov V.A., Kulikova M.V. Moscow professors of the 18th - early 20th centuries. Natural and technical sciences. - M .: Janus-K; Moscow textbooks and cartolithography, 2003. - S. 227. - 294 p. - 2,000 copies. - ISBN 5-8037-0164-5.
Links
- Stephan Christian Friedrich Christ'janovič at Erik-Amburger-Datenbank (German)